GRE阅读到底难在哪里

GRE阅读到底难在哪里?全方位分析GRE阅读4大考点难点，我们来看看吧，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

GRE阅读到底难在哪里?全方位分析GRE阅读4大考点难点

从何而来，也许不同的考生都有各自不同的看法。排除GRE整个考试的词汇的共通难点外，GRE阅读还有什么地方会让考生觉得有难度?下面小编就为大家做全方位分析介绍。GRE阅读提分必须做好3件事

文章内容要求高

GRE阅读文章多聚焦一些特殊的或不熟悉的话题，如：自然科学，生物科学，社会科学，历史和经济等。这些话题除非考生本人感兴趣或者所学专业有所涉及，一般都是大家陌生的领域。突然接触这类文章也往往会造成一定的理解困难。这就要求同学们平时要多关注一下这方面的报刊杂志或其他媒体。5月最新GRE阅读考后真题分享

必须在电脑屏幕上阅读

虽然现在家用电脑已经普及，基本每个人都会使用电脑。但在学习过程中，许多考生还是更习惯在书本上而不是电脑屏幕上进行阅读。GRE考试实行的是机考方式，考生不能打印不能翻转试卷，而是需要滚动窗口，下拉鼠标来读完一篇长文章的阅读。并且长时间地盯着电脑屏幕进行阅读对眼睛来说也是极具挑战性的。假如考生还不习惯在电脑上进行阅读和解答，自然会觉得有难度。

文章里有大量长难句

GRE阅读不仅文章内容题材上比较高冷，在具体的表现形式上也让人觉得为难。文章中往往充斥着大量的长难句，会给考生的阅读理解造成了不小的困扰。而这些长难句也经常会包含文章主旨和关键细节等阅读常考的内容，许多同学因为看不懂长难句而无法顺利解答。

GRE考试时间紧张，而阅读文章较长篇幅往往让考生不得不加快阅读速度才能有足够的时间解题。如果考生本身在阅读速度上存在问题，或者没有适应GRE考试严格的时间要求，就很容易在阅读部分出现问题。

以上就是小编为大家全方位分析的GRE阅读的4大难点，希望各位考生能够在备考过程中留意这些难点考点，进行一些针对性地强化训练，如此才能确保在GRE阅读部分取得更为理想的成绩。

GRE阅读素材大开眼界 海龟闻香识水母

Turtles love a smell that humans loathe. For them, it means dinner

海龟喜欢一种人类讨厌的味道，对它们来说，这表示大餐

JELLYFISH may not be most people's idea of a tasty snack, but if you are a loggerhead turtle, they are top of the menu.

水母或许不符合大多数人对于美味小食的定义，但如果你变成一只红海龟，水母便成了顶级美食。

Though jellyfish can swim, they are not exactly the greyhounds of the ocean, so they are easily caught.

虽然水母可以游动，但它们可算不上海洋中的快艇，所以要逮它们很容易。

And since munching a large jellyfish can keep a turtle going for days, loggerheads love them when they can find them.

而吃上一只大水母能让一只海龟维持好几天，所以红海龟一旦发现水母便会大快朵颐。

Yum!

味道好极了!

The best place to do so is in an upwelling zone.

上升流区是海龟大快朵颐的最佳地点。

This is an area where the wind's action draws cold, nutrient-rich water to the surface.

在这种区域里，水流会在海风的作用下将富含营养物质的冷水带到海洋表面，

That encourages the growth of planktonic algae, and thus of everything that feeds on such plankton, or feeds on what feeds on them—including jellyfish, and also various molluscs and crustacea that loggerheads enjoy as an appetiser.

这有利于浮游藻类生长，因此也有利于以这些浮游生物为食的动物，或以这些动物为食的动物生长，包括水母，还有各种各样的软体动物和甲壳动物，这些都是红海龟的最爱。

And upwelling zones do, indeed, attract turtles.

所以上升流区确实会吸引海龟，

But nobody knows how, for such zones are scattered, local and often temporary phenomena, and locating them in the wide expanse of the sea is hard.

但没人知道海龟是怎样找到上升流区的，这些区域都是局部性的，非常分散，且常常只是暂时现象，要想在宽广的海洋中找到它们绝非易事。

Courtney Endres, a biologist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, however, thought the reptiles might be smelling such zones from afar.

然而考特尼恩德斯认为两栖动物离很远便能通过气味察觉到上升流区，她是美国北卡罗来纳州立大学的一名生物学家。

She knew from an experiment she conducted a few years ago that loggerheads have a good sense of smell.

她是从几年前进行的试验中发现红海龟拥有良好的嗅觉。

She also knew, because passing sailors frequently comment on the fact, that upwelling zones tend to stink.

她还了解到上升流区往往会发出异味，因为经过上升流区的水手们经常会提到这一事实。

Specifically, they stink of cabbages.

明确的说，是卷心菜的异味。

That is because many planktonic algae, when crunched up during the process of being eaten, release a substance called dimethylsulphoniopropionate.

这是由于浮游藻类在被吃掉的过程中被咬碎时，会释放出一种叫做硫代甜菜碱的物质，

This quickly degrades into another chemical, dimethyl sulphide, which generations of those subjected to unimaginative school lunches will instantly recognise.

该物质很快会降解为另一种化学物质-二甲基硫化物，闻到这种物质产生的气味会立刻让人想起千篇一律的学校午餐的气味。

But to loggerheads it is the smell of a banquet.

但这对红海龟来说是盛宴的气息。

Ms Endres and her colleague Kenneth Lohmann showed this by collecting 11 loggerhead hatchlings from local beaches and testing them to see which smells most interested them.

恩德斯及其同事肯尼斯罗曼通过实验表明了这点。她们在当地海滩上抓了11只红海龟的幼龟，并测试它们对哪种气味最感兴趣。

The young turtles were each put in a tank of seawater that had various scents blown across its surface.

每只幼龟被分别放入一个装有海水的水缸中，并将各种各样的气味吹过水面，

These included cinnamon, jasmine, lemon—and dimethyl sulphide.

包括肉桂，茉莉，柠檬，以及二甲基硫化物。

When a turtle came up for air , the researchers recorded how long it sniffed around.

当海龟到水面上换气时，研究人员记录了它们露出水面的时间。

They found, as they report in Experimental Biology, that the animals spent an average of five seconds breathing air scented with lemon,jasmine or cinnamon, all pleasant odours from a human point of view.

他们发现，从人类的角度上看，柠檬，茉莉，或肉桂都是很悦人的气味，而海龟在呼吸含有以上气味的空气时，平均只在水面停留了五秒钟，

That was no different from the amount of time they spent at the surface when no scent was used at all.

与在其呼吸没有气味的空气时的停留时间没什么不同。

When the air was scented with dimethyl sulphide, however, they spent an average of ten seconds breathing in the stinky scent of cabbages—or upwellings.

然而在空气中含有二甲基硫的气味时，海龟在这种散发着卷心菜或者说上升流异味的空气中平均停留了十秒钟。该报道刊登在《实验生物学》上。

That does not prove that loggerheads smell their way to the table, of course. But it makes the hypothesis plausible.

当然，这并不能证明红海龟能顺着气味找到它们的餐桌，但是这让以上假设似乎可以说得通。

For turtles, it seems, the perfumes of Araby hold little charm.

看来阿拉伯香水对海龟也不会有什么吸引力，

The scent of cabbages, by contrast, is as attractive as the odour of roasting chicken is to a hungry human.

相比之下，卷心菜的气味之于海龟的吸引力就像烤鸡之于饿汉。

GRE阅读大揭秘 容貌对称既可以增添美感也可以促进身体健康

On the face of it

从表面判断

More evidence that symmetrical features indicate good health

更多证据表明对称容貌显示身体健康

BEAUTY may be in the eye of the beholder, but a symmetricalface is usually a big help.

情人眼里出西施，但对称的容貌通常有助于美感。

In contrast, asymmetry is often associated with malignance.

相反，非对称通常与丑恶相联。

Biologists have long speculated why this is.

生物学家长期思考为什么会出现这种情况。

In theory, evolution provides a logical answer: unfit individuals are less likely than fitter folk to be able to maintain the symmetrical development of their bodies when exposed to stress and disease.

就理论上而言，进化论就是其逻辑答案。在面临压力与疾病时，非健康者可能不如健康者能保持自身的对称发展。

In other words, many parts of the body are supposed to be symmetrical, so any deviation from perfect symmetry indicates that an animal has not been able to grow as intended.

换句话说，身体的许多部位本是对称的，那么，从完美对称变为非对称表明身体已不可能按正常发展。

As an animal is unlikely to want to mix its genes with an unfit or diseased partner, evolution selects symmetry as an attractive trait.

由于健康者不大可能愿意其基因与非健康/患病者的相结合，进化论便选择对称作为一个有吸引力的特征。

Whether asymmetry and poor health or fitness really go hand in hand has not been easy to prove.

很难证明非对称者是否与非健康或健康真正相关联。

Research on this in humans causes ethical problems and can raise hackles.

关于人类这个问题的研究导致种簇问题，造成愤怒。

Now a new study conducted with macaque monkeys hints that there is indeed a connection.

现在，以猕猴为例的一项新的研究表明他们的确有关联。

Previous studies with macaques have demonstrated that the animals will gaze longer at symmetrical faces than they do at asymmetric ones, which could be interpreted as the monkeys finding such faces more attractive.

先前有关猕猴的研究实验表明，相比非对称性猕猴，猕猴愿意花更多长凝视拥有对称性容貌的猕猴，这可能理解为猕猴发现那些具有对称性容貌的具有更多吸引力。

The results of these studies have led researchers to believe that the monkeys have a preference for symmetry just as humans do.

研究结果使得研究者相信猕猴与人类一样偏爱对称性容貌者。

However, a clear connection between health and symmetry had not been made.

然而，健康与对称性的关联还未得到确切的证明。

Fascinated by this question, Anthony Little of the University of Stirling in Scotland and Annika Paukner of the National Institutes of Health in America established a new study with 93 female macaque monkeys.

受这个问题的困扰，苏格兰斯特林大学的安东尼.里特与美国国立卫生研究院的安妮卡.波克恩一起对93只猕猴进行一项新的研究。

The monkeys came from three different groups and had been raised in some degree of captivity.

这些猕猴来自三个不同群组，受到不同程度的圈养。

All of the monkeys, between the ages of five and 20, were photographed, face forward.

所有这些猕猴年龄都在5岁-20岁，他们面朝前面一起接受拍照。

Dr Little and his colleagues analysed facial symmetry using a computer to measure the distance of various features, like the edges of the nostrils, lips and eyes, from a line drawn down the centre of the monkey's face.

一条中间直线划分猕狒面部，里特博士和他的同事使用电脑测量不同器官的两边距离，包括鼻孔，嘴唇，眼睛。

These distances were then compared and any differences between them were added to an overall asymmetry score.

然后，对这些测量的距离进行对比，把所有的差距汇总，就成了非对称数据。

Thus a perfectly symmetrical face, with eyes, lips and nostrils exactly the same distance from the central line, would earn a score of zero.

因此，非常完美的对称面貌，眼睛，嘴唇以及鼻子两边离中间线的距离是相同的，因而总对称分数为0。

A highly asymmetric one would score the sum of all the distance differences between features on the face.

他们记录下非常不对称的猕猴脸部器官的差距和。

更多双语文章》》 点击这里

The team then considered the overall health of the monkeys during their first four years of life.

前四年这个团队关注这些猕猴的总体健康。

This comparison was made from veterinary records and evidence of health problems.

他们对兽医记录的以及健康问题的证据进行对比。

The researchers looked out for minor wounds that had been noted by staff but left to heal on their own; major wounds such as bites that required stitches; levels of subcutaneous fat and muscle; the quality of their coat; and their weight gain.

研究人员关注那些工作人员之前注意到却任其自愈的小伤口;诸如咬伤之类需要缝合的大伤口;因咬而需缝线的大伤口;皮下脂肪厚度，肌肉的强壮;表皮质量以及体重增加。

These health factors were compiled into two scores, one reflecting wounds and one reflecting the monkey's general condition, and they were compared with the asymmetry scores.

这些健康因素分成两组分数，一组反映伤口情况，另一组反应猕猴总体身体状况，这些与不对称性数据进行比较。

Dr Little and his colleagues report in Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology that whereas wounds showed no relationship to asymmetry, as the monkeys' condition scores declined so too did their facial-symmetry results.

里特博士和他同事在《行为生态学和社会生物学》杂志上报道：虽然伤口与不对称性无任何关系，但猴子身体状况越差，它们的脸部就越不对称。

The researchers argue that this health connection is what makes macaque monkeys look longer at symmetrical faces than they do at uneven ones.

这些研究员认为，这一健康关联是因为猕猴对着对称面貌比不对称面貌时间长。

Thus facial symmetry really does appear to be an indicator of health, at least among macaques.

因此，面貌对称性真正能呈现身体健康指标，至少猕猴是这样。

And what is true for them is likely to be true for people too.

因此，适用于猕狒的这一原理可能也适用于人。

GRE阅读看社会现象 高管薪酬值多少?

Big, controversial golden goodbyes to bosses are probably here to stay

老板们巨额而有争议的黄金告别可能会被留下来

IS THE new boss of Time Warner Cable about to become one of the luckiest-ever winners of the great chief-executive pay lottery?

时代华纳有线电视公司的新老板会成为伟大的首席执行官中最幸运的赢家之一吗?

Robert Marcus is set to take over as boss on January 1st.

罗伯特·马库斯将于1月1日接任老板。

If rumours are to be believed, that will be just in time for the cable firm to be bought by one of a host of rivals that are now circling it.

如果传言是可信的，那恰好有线电视公司被环绕的竞争对手中的一位收购。

A change-of-control clause in his contract means he could go straight back out of the door with a golden goodbye of over $56m.

合同中的变更条款意味着他可以拥有超过5,600万元的黄金告别走出大门。

这篇阅读材料还有MP3音频哦!下载>>传送门

The biggest loser, in contrast, may be Philippe Varin, who will step down as boss of PSA Peugeot Citron, a struggling French carmaker.

相反，最大的输家可能是菲利普·瓦兰，他从一个苦苦挣扎的法国汽车制造商PSA标致雪铁龙老板的位置上下来。

On November 27th, he issued a statement saying he would give up a pension provision valued at 21m.

11月27日，他发表声明说，他将放弃价值2100万的养老金保障。

The board will decide his future pension arrangements before he retires, probably with an eye on public opinion.

董事会将在他退休前安排他未来的养老金，可能会顾及舆论的反应。

He follows in the footsteps of Fred Goodwin, who presided over the collapse of Royal Bank of Scotland.

他步了弗雷德·古德温的后尘，其导致了苏格兰皇家银行的崩溃。

In 2009, again after a public outcry, the man known as Fred the Shred, because of his fondness for firing people, agreed to reduce his pension by 212,500 a year to a paltry 342,500.

在2009年舆论再次哗然，那个喜欢裁人的被称为弗雷德的同意将他的退休金的减少额从212500英镑一年增加到区区342500英镑。

It is rare for public disapproval of generous golden goodbyes to have so much impact.

公众很少认为这些慷慨的黄金告别有这么大的影响。

Even the introduction of say on pay votes in countries such as America and Britain seems only to have curbed the most egregious excesses.

甚至在一些引进了薪酬话语权投票的国家如美国和英国似乎只能抑制最令人震惊的过激行为。

Ira Kay of Pay Governance, a consultant, says that in America, most company boards facing such votes have managed to win them by dropping overgenerous perks like the automatic vesting of the boss's share options even when he has kept his job following a takeover.

薪酬管理顾问艾拉凯指出，在美国，面临着这样投票的公司的董事会已经设法通过清理过于慷慨的激励措施，如老板股票期权的自动归属权，甚至在被收购后还继续他的工作。

The once-widespread practice of paying a boss's taxes on his post-takeover payout, a nice little earner known as the excise tax gross-up, has also ended, costing some chief executives millions of dollars, says Mr Kay.

凯先生说，在老板的税收上过往的做法是在他退休后支出，一个很好的被称为包税的赚钱者也结束了，花掉了首席执行官们数百万美金。

Bosses can no longer trigger big severance payouts by self-termination—quitting or retiring—adds Doug Friske of Towers Watson, another pay consultant.

另一家薪酬顾问公司韬睿惠悦的道格Friske说，老板们以后不能靠通过自行终止-辞职或退休增加巨额的退休金。

Topping up the pension fund for a boss who leaves earlier than expected is now frowned on too.

为提前退休的老板补足养老基金现在也行不通了。

Say on pay has also forced boards to get better at costing perks that once were wrongly regarded as practically free.

薪酬话语权也迫使董事会在之前被认为是随意额外津贴上做的更好。

Yet the golden parachute is a chronic problem that I don't see changing anytime soon, says Donald Hambrick, a management professor at Pennsylvania State University.

然而，金降落伞是一个老大难问题，我没看到最近会有什么变化，宾夕法尼亚州立大学管理学教授唐纳德·汉姆布瑞克说。

The procession of bosses exiting with fabulous pay-offs continues.

老板们难以置信的离职金仍在继续进行。

更多双语文章》》 点击这里

Pay consultants brought in by firms seeking a new boss often get blamed for regarding the most generous existing package in the market as the baseline for negotiations.

薪酬顾问为企业寻求新的老板常常会因为以市场最多的离职金为基准进行谈判而被责怪。

But there is also a small cottage industry of elite lawyers who are used by any candidate to be boss, and who have mastered every trick in the book, Mr Hambrick says.

汉姆布瑞克先生说，也有一些曾是老板候选人的小企业中的精英律师，他们懂得书中的所有技巧。

By the time the public is frothing at the mouth about some fired corporate failure walking off with a fortune, it is usually too late to do anything about it.

这时公众议论的是解雇失败损失的钱，而这通常是来不及做任何事情补救。

Everything is negotiated up front; that is the time to be outraged, he advises.

他建议一切都协商都进行在前面，这是被激怒的时候。

Once a boss has failed and pulled the cord on his golden parachute, boards typically conclude that it is best just to pay up quietly.

一旦老板已经失败并且拉着他的黄金降落伞的绳子，董事会一般认为最好是默默的把钱付了。

Even though recent legal changes have made it easier, even in America, to claw back some of the money paid to failed bosses, in practice firms will only try to do that if there is cast-iron evidence of fault, such as a financial misstatement.

即使在美国，尽管最近的法律变化使得更容易夺回部分支付给失败老板的钱，在实践中如果证据确凿公司将尝试这样做，如财务失实。

None of this should come as a surprise to anyone familiar with the myopic ways boards tend to work in practice.

董事会在实践中的目光短浅对所有的人来说这一切都不应该是一件惊讶的事。

The moment when a company is paying off a failure is also the moment it is trying to attract the best possible candidate to sort out the mess.

当一个公司为失败付钱的那一刻也是它正试图吸引尽可能最好的人选来收拾烂摊子。

Contesting the last boss's deal could easily scare off the ideal new one.

争辩最后老板的这笔交易很容易吓跑新的理想人选。

The CEO wheel of fortune keeps on turning.

CEO的命运之轮仍在不断向前。

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