雅思阅读分为A类和G类两大类,两类阅读题目不相同,准备出国留学的同学一般会选择考A类雅思,阅读题目自然也是A类。那雅思A类阅读备考攻略应该如何制定呢?下面小编就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。
雅思A类阅读备考攻略丨A类阅读精读和泛读攻略详解
一. 雅思A类阅读和G类阅读区别
在探讨备考攻略之前,我们先来简单了解一下雅思A类阅读和G类阅读的区别。雅思A类考试是学术类考试,雅思G类考试是培训类考试,两者在阅读版块的考试是不一样的,使用的试卷不同,另外阅读题型也略有不同,但是考试时间和阅读数量是一样的。接下来,我们来一起来看看如何备考雅思A类阅读。
二. 雅思A类阅读如何备考
1. 一定要做精读练习
备考雅思A类阅读一定要做精读练习。为什么?因为A类阅读对大家阅读能力要求较高,如果只是一味做题对于文章理解力提升帮助不大,而精读练习可以帮助大家透彻理解文章,把握出题规律。
做精读练习材料建议选择剑雅真题,精读练习中重点把握阅读文章中的生词、长难句和文章结构。词汇和长难句建议整理出来并记录,方便以后随时复习。至于文章篇章结构要重点把握因果段落和转折段落,因为这两类是雅思A类阅读经常出题的地方,一定要重点去读,分析出题套路。
2. 泛读练习读什么
雅思阅读还考察大家快速阅读理解文章的能力,所以要做泛读练习来提升自己的英文理解力和阅读速度。泛读的时候建议大家锻炼自己跳读和略读能力,快速把握文章主旨和段落大意。泛读材料可选的有很多,基本标准可参照雅思A类阅读文章的难度,选读一些国外原版的期刊杂志,如果实在找不到泛读材料也可以使用雅思A类阅读机经做泛读练习。雅思阅读机经是根据以往的阅读考题总结出来的,总体上来文章难度与雅思A类阅读相差不大,而机经的备考价值远比不上剑雅真题,所以可以用剑雅真题做精读,用雅思阅读机经做泛读练习。
雅思A类阅读备考不仅要做好精读练习,也要做好泛读练习。精读练习中重点把握生词、长难句和文章结构;泛读练习重点训练自己的跳读和略读能力,确保在考试中能够快速找到关键信息,快速理解文章和段落主旨。
雅思阅读考试中的三大失分点
专家从众多考生的考场实战和考试心得发现,成功的法则异曲同工,失误的缘由各为迥异。诚然,如果我们希望一举取得满意的成绩,归纳出大部分烤鸭的失分之处,对症下药则为上上策,如此一来,带着全面完善的攻略上考场,自然将各种问题迎刃而解,水到渠成。
失分点一:遇到生词,束手无策,无法正常进行阅读和做题
雅思阅读考试文章来源于国外原版的期刊或杂志,话题覆盖面广,科技,自然,环保,社会,文化,工作,生物,地理等无不涉及,所以遇到生词在情理之中。但一部分烤鸭遇到生词后就信心全失,慌乱至极,打破了自己原有的阅读节奏和速度,做题时也因为生词被卡壳,结果题目不仅没有解出,还影响了后面的做题速度和时间,可谓“一发动而迁全身”。对此,专家认为,生词的出现在所难免,只要大家有基本的词汇量,完全可以将生词的问题逐一击破。
A. 有时候生词属于比较专业的词汇,它们的出现不是为了考察考生的词汇量,更多的是检阅大家的应变和判断能力。尤其在题目中出现的所谓生词,更是可以坏事变好事,成为考生定位答案的线索词。
比如:在剑桥7 “Why pagodas don't fall down”一文,5-10题的分类题中第6题“tiles on eaves”,很可能考生在三个单词中有两个都不认识,这时候如何是好呢?首先,先观察这两个生词的词性。在介词“on”的前后,且分别加了“s”, 可以判断是名词。在这篇建筑类的文章中论及我们不认识的名词,想必不是日常词汇,所以完全可以把“tiles”和“eaves”作为定位词去原文寻找答案。
B. 有时候生词的含义可以在上下文中直接得到。在阅读文章时遇到的生词,有相当一部分的含义可以通过多种猜测单词的方法得到,所以,在生词的周围或上下文寻找其解释不失为有效途径。
例如,剑桥4的文章“How much higher? How much faster?”中,有这样一个句子:“One of the most important new methodologies is biomechanics, the study of the body in motion.” “biomechanics”这个单词从构词法上看,我们只能够知道其和生物有关,此时,看后面的同位语部分就能很好的帮我们解释这个词的意思,直接且易懂,即对身体在运动状态下的研究。
失分点二:不能权衡做题的优先性,无法把握做题时间
很多烤鸭在面对雅思阅读考试时,都会感叹时间不够,有的考生会剩下半篇文章没有读完,更有甚者,一个小时只够用来做两篇文章。其中做题速度无法达到要求的原因有很多,词汇量,阅读方法,做题技巧无一不是。此外,还有一个很重要的因素:不会取舍,不会衡量做题的优先性。专家提示,雅思阅读3篇文章,存在难易程度的差别。考生应选择自己擅长或熟悉的话题文章优先做。而对一篇文章而言,做题顺序可以如下排布:Heading题 ---- 填空型题(表格,图示,简答,summary, 完成句子) ---- 判断题 ---- 选择型题(单选,多选),平均每篇文章的做题时间控制在20min, 如时间到,还有少量题目(1-2题)没有做完,可放宽少许时间完成。若还余留多题未完成,建议先舍弃,做下一篇文章,因为不排除下一篇文章,看似文章话题难,但题目容易的情况。难度系数高的题目在每个人面前都一样,我们希望确保容易的题目百分百的拿下。
失分点三:对题目考点把握不清,不知如何确定keywords
很多考生在平时的练习和考场上面对划keywords总是单一的跟着感觉走,或是将一道题目中大部分的词都划下来作为keywords, 完全失了方向和重点,直接导致答案很难在原文锁定。所以,keywords是对题目的浓缩,也是题目的线索词,更是考点。考生们应该在平时的课堂和练习中,多加总结考点词的特点,以达到用一到两个词就涵盖整个题目的效果。利用keywords定位答案,更集中目标,更有方向性。
例如:在剑桥7,“Why pagodas don't fall down”的分类题中,“size of eaves up to half width of the building”, 这道题目看似比较长,信息多,其实如果了解数字是一个考点,就能果断划出half这个keywords, 并且根据做题经验,预测到其在原文必定会变换形式成fifty percent。如果在原文寻找答案前就把握了以上这些,找起来自然速度快了许多。
无论考试还是练习,错误在所难免,失分也是情理之中,但如果我们能从失分点中获得经验和新的认知,失分点会骤变为优势。阅读的提高不仅仅是话题单词的记忆,题型技巧的掌握,如果能从错误中学习总结,相信会更加有效。
雅思考试阅读材料:名人的广告效应
下面是一篇关于环境类的雅思阅读材料,这篇雅思阅读材料的主要内容是名人的广告效应以及相关的介绍。下面是详细内容,供大家参考,希望给大家带来帮助。
Celebrity Endorsements: An Examination of Gender and Consumers’ Attitudes
Celebrity endorsements have long been used as a source of marketing messages to promote a wide variety of products and services. Companies have been spending huge amounts of money to have athletes and other celebrities endorse both sports and non-sports products. Celebrity images can be found in print, radio, and approximately 20 percent of all television commercials (Boyd and Shank 2004). Within a relatively short time, the amount of money spent on athletes in advertising has skyrocketed. In 1986, companies paid approximately $100 million for endorsements, licensing rights, and advertising (Peetz, Parks, and Spencer 2004). Ten years later, that amount had risen to more than $1 billion, as athlete endorsement expenditures have hovered around $1 billion dollars annually for the past ten years (Peetz, Parks, and Spencer 2004).
The actions of athletic products manufacturer Nike underscores the nature of spending on athlete endorsements. During an eight-month period in 2004, Nike invested $192 million in endorsement deals with National Basketball Association (NBA) rookies Lebron James ($90 million) and Carmello Anthony ($15 million); NBA star Kobe Bryant ($45 million); tennis star Serena Williams ($40 million); 14-year old U.S. soccer talent Freddy Adu ($1 million); and Canadian world champion hurdler Perdita Felicien ($1 million). These were deals within an eight-month timeframe and did not take into account existing deals with golfer Tiger Woods, National Football League player Michael Vick (currently serving a prison sentence and suspended by the NFL), Major League Baseball’s Derek Jeter, track’s Marion Jones (another athlete who recently admitted to drug use and had her 2000 Olympic medals stripped), and soccer’s Mia Hamm (Thomaselli 2004).
As a result of the pervasiveness of celebrity endorsement in advertising, much has been studied and written about this phenomenon over the past several years (for recent examples, see Bailey 2007; Biswas, Biswas, and Das 2006; Thomson 2006). The studies have explored a number of issues related to such factors as the relative effectiveness of celebrity endorsers in advertising, the factors that impact consumer response to celebrity endorsers, and, more recently, the consequences of negative information or publicity surrounding a celebrity endorser (for example, Bailey 2007; Louie and Obermiller 2002; Silvera and Austad 2004; Till and Shimp 1998). The introductory quote from Peetz, Parks, and Spencer (2004) encapsulates the reasons that marketers have been using celebrities as endorsers, while Jones and Schumann (2000) underscore that there is a high price tag attached to this endeavor.
Although the use of athletes as endorsers and the amount of money spent on these endorsers is increasing, there still remains much to be learned about how consumers perceive athlete endorsers and the variables that influence endorser effectiveness. More specifically, we know little about the impact of gender—both gender of the consumer and gender of the endorser—on consumers’ attitudes and perceptions. The study seeks to determine whether the gender of the consumer who is exposed to a celebrity endorsement will impact how that consumer views a male or female celebrity endorser. The paper is organized as follows: First, background information on celebrity endorsement is presented and testable hypotheses are developed. We then provide details of an experimental study that was undertaken to test these hypotheses. The results of the experiment are presented and these findings are discussed. Finally, the study’s limitations are highlighted and avenues for future research are suggested.
【热点话题】 根据上述报道,由于名人效应,所以很多公司把名人代言广告作为公司打入市场的主要渠道,同时也不惜在名人广告费上花大手笔。本篇文章通过引证其他学者的调查研究来陈述在近些年各个公司和品牌在名人代言上的动态和花费。朗阁海外考试研究中心分析认为,这类话题是近两年雅思阅读和写作比较热门的话题,希望大家多多予以关注。此外,像这类的学术类文章一般多会出人名-观点搭配和多选题。
【难句词汇】 雅思考生的阅读难点之一就是词汇量和句型的掌握程度的不同,如果学生的词汇量不足,那么文章将看不懂,我们从上文中就可以学到很多的句型和词汇。
As a result of the pervasiveness of celebrity endorsement in advertising, much has been studied and written about this phenomenon over the past several years (for recent examples, see Bailey 2007; Biswas, Biswas, and Das 2006; Thomson 2006).
从行文架构来说,本篇文章引证了多位专家的发现和观点,这在学术类阅读中也是比较常见的。事实上,任何一篇能编排出人名-观点型Matching题目的雅思阅读文章,都可以被看作这篇文章在结构上的翻版。考虑到人名-观点型Matching本身又是雅思阅读高频题型之一,本文的借鉴意义更加明显。
【真题预测】 根据刚才关于celebrity advertising的原版文章,我们来练习一下雅思阅读的常考题型之—— 人名-观点搭配题:
Look at the following statements (Questions 1-3) and the list of researchers below.
Match each statement with the correct researcher(s), A-D.
Write the correct letter, A-D, in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.
NB. You may use any letter more than once.
1. The causes that many large corporations have been employing some famous people in society to advertise their products were quoted in the introductory part.
2. There can be many famous people's images in a range of media like radios or television.
3. The top-ranking sportsmen endorsement expenditures have been constantly soared to over $1 billion during the past decade.
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