详解GRE阅读3大类常见扣分原因

由 范文百科 分享时间：2024-06-05 16:12:17 加入收藏我要投稿点赞

详解GRE阅读3大类常见扣分原因 ,这些提分技巧助你提分,我们一起来看看吧，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

详解GRE阅读3大类常见扣分原因

GRE阅读提分技巧：从结构入手看懂全文

对于考生来说，GRE阅读最令人欣慰的一点，也许就是其文章结构的规范性和公式化。几乎所有的GRE阅读文章都是同一个模子里出来的：第一段探讨一个高深的话题，第二段质疑一个关于此话题来自其他人的观点或看法，最后一段作者再给出自己的意见和结论。而最让考生头疼的一点，则是话题本身的无趣性。无论如何，考生在阅读中，需要做到主动去了解熟悉文章结构，通过多阅读掌握GRE文章的常见结构套路，而不是被动的等着看文章然后见招拆招。

GRE阅读提分技巧：看懂文章再开始做题

关于做阅读，一直以来有这么一种说法，那就是先读题目再看文章，看似能节省很多时间，其实却是最愚蠢不过的做法。带着一肚子问题看文章，先不谈能记住多少问题，首先脑子里就已经塞进了一堆东西，这种状态下的阅读只会降低效率，最后文章没看懂，题目全忘了，白费一番功夫。正确的做法是先读完全文。仔细看完整篇文章并在此基础上进行解题，而不要囫囵吞枣的快速看过，其实什么都没记住。

GRE阅读提分技巧：主动思考边读边想

上面说了不要先看题目，为什么这里又要说带着问题看文章呢?这里的问题，其实是指的一些常见的容易出题点，再看文章的过程中，主动去寻找这些常见问题点，适当做一些标记帮助定位，将有助于快速解题。下面是这些需要在阅读过程中寻找的问题点：

1. 文章讨论的是什么?

2. 就讨论的内容，作者给出了几个解释或理论，分别是什么?作者对于这些解释/理论的态度是什么?

3. 为什么作者觉得自己提出的理论最好?

4. 文章的主题是什么?

GRE阅读常见扣分原因：在细节部分浪费过多精力

很多GRE阅读文章，都会包含大量的各种细节，有数据、有描述、有具体说明等。对于这些细节，在不影响阅读的情况下，建议大家不要过度深入，看过即可。很多细节其实都是无关紧要的干扰内容，完全不会出现在之后的题目中，考生要做到的是把握整体。不少同学会因为纠结于细节而反反复复的阅读同一段内容，浪费大量时间，殊为不智。

GRE阅读常见扣分原因：缺乏对文章话题的阅读兴趣

GRE文章的内容，对于考生来说，有时候的确会显得颇为无趣，尤其是一些比较冷门的科技内容，平时即使放在眼前估计也不会去看。带着消极、不想看的态度去解题，当然不会有太好的结果。所以，建议大家在阅读时，尽量把文章内容都想象成自己最想看，最感兴趣的内容，哪怕是自欺欺人，也尽可能的把这些文章当成自己喜欢看的内容，用积极的态度去看文章。

GRE阅读常见扣分原因：受到选项干扰影响

看完文章，看题目，然后看选项，应该是很多人做题的方法。但GRE阅读的出题者，在这里又为考生设置了陷阱。一道题五个选项，除了正确选项外，其他选项往往都写得似是而非，迷惑性极高，如果考生想要靠脑海中对文章的记忆来一一排除这些选项，往往会反受其扰，混淆了自己原本还算清晰的思路。最好的做法是看完题目后，先不急着看选项，而是根据自己之前对文章的理解，回到文章中找到相关的内容，并总结出自己对于问题的答案，然后带着这个答案，再到选项中去寻找比较匹配的结果。这么做，就能较好的避免被错误选项干扰。

总而言之，GRE阅读是中国考生普遍得分较低的一个考试部分，但这也给想要拉开分数差距的考生提供了脱颖而出的好机会。小编希望通过对上文这些阅读提分要点和扣分陷阱的了解，各位考生能够找到更有效的得分方法技巧，在阅读部分顺利取得理想成绩。

GRE阅读长难句中译英练习

76. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs--the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.

77. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.

78. No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professional and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word "amateur" does carry a connotation that person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not share its values.

79. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom.

80. A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

76.[参考译文]当然，人们现在对成功及其各种标志的兴趣似乎并不亚于先前。消夏别墅、欧陆旅行、宝马车--地点、地名以及品牌或许会有变化，但这类事物在今天被人渴求的程度也似乎不会亚于一二十年前。

77.[参考译文]相反，我们被款待看到这样一些虚伪的壮观景象，他们似乎比以前的任何时候都更供应充足：美国式物质主义的批判者却拥有位于南安普顿的避暑山庄：激进书籍的出版商却在三星级餐厅享用一日三餐;倡导在人生各个阶段的参与民主制的记者，他的子女却就读于私立学校。

78.[参考译文]科学领域的专业人员和业余爱好者之间划不出泾渭分明的界线：因为任何规则都有例外。然而，"业余"一词的确意味着相关人员不能充分融入职业科学界，尤其未能分享科学圈子的价值。

79.[参考译文]很自然，这种趋势会在尤以数学或实验室训练为基础的自然学科领域表现最为明显，并且可以英国的地质学发展作例证来说明。

80.[参考译文]将过去一个半世纪英国地质学领域的出版物做一下比较，(我们)就会发现不仅对科研的主导地位的强调不断攀升，而且一篇可接受的科研论文所包含的内容的定义也有所变化。

GRE阅读练习每日一篇

By the time the American colonists took up arms against Great Britain in order to secure their independence, the institution of Black slavery was deeply entrenched. But the contradiction inherent in this situation was, for many, a source of constant embarrassment. “It always appeared a most iniquitous scheme to me,” Abigail Adams wrote her husband in 1774, “to fight ourselves for what we are daily robbing and plundering from those who have as good a right to freedom as we have.”

Many Americans besides Abigail Adams were struck by the inconsistency of their stand during the War of Independence, and they were not averse to making moves to emancipate the slaves. Quakers and other religious groups organized antislavery societies, while numerous individuals manumitted their slaves. In fact, within several years of the end of the War of Independence, most of the Eastern states had made provisions for the gradual emancipation of slaves.

17. Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?

(A) The War of Independence produced among many Black Americans a heightened consciousness of the inequities in American society.

(B) The War of Independence strengthened the bonds of slavery of many Black Americans while intensifying their desire to be free.

(C) The War of Independence exposed to many Americans the contradiction of slavery in a country seeking its freedom and resulted in efforts to resolve that contradiction.

(D) The War of Independence provoked strong criticisms by many Americans of the institution of slavery, but produced little substantive action against it.

(E) The War of Independence renewed the efforts of many American groups toward achieving Black emancipation.

18. The passage contains information that would support which of the following statements about the colonies before the War of Independence?

(A) They contained organized antislavery societies.

(B) They allowed individuals to own slaves.

(D) They were inconsistent in their legal definitions of slave status.

(E) They encouraged abolitionist societies to expand their influence.

19. According to the passage, the War of Independence was embarrassing to some Americans for which of the following reasons?

I. It involved a struggle for many of the same liberties that Americans were denying to others.

II. It involved a struggle for independence from the very nation that had founded the colonies.

III. It involved a struggle based on inconsistencies in the participants’ conceptions of freedom.

(A) I only

(B) II only

(D) I and III only

(E) I, II, and III

20. Which of the following statements regarding American society in the years immediately following the War of Independence is best supported by the passage?

(A) The unexpected successes of the antislavery societies led to their gradual demise in the Eastern states.

(B) Some of the newly independent American states had begun to make progress toward abolishing slavery.

(C) Americans like Abigail Adams became disillusioned with the slow progress of emancipation and gradually abandoned the cause.

(D) Emancipated slaves gradually were accepted in the Eastern states as equal members of American society.

(E) The abolition of slavery in many Eastern states was the result of close cooperation between religious groups and free Blacks.

The evolution of sex ratios has produced, in most plants and animals with separate sexes, approximately equal numbers of males and females. Why should this be so? Two main kinds of answers have been offered. One is couched (表达) in terms of advantage to population. It is argued that the sex ratio (sex ratio: n.男女人口比例) will evolve so as to maximize the number of meetings between individuals of the opposite sex. This is essentially a “group selection (group selection: 组选择, 群选择)” argument. The other, and in my view correct, type of answer was first put forward by Fisher in 1930. This “genetic” argument starts from the assumption that genes can influence the relative numbers of male and female offspring produced by an individual carrying the genes. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. Suppose that the population consisted mostly of females: then an individual who produced sons only would have more grandchildren. In contrast, if the population consisted mostly of males, it would pay (对…有利) to have daughters. If, however, the population consisted of equal numbers of males and females, sons and daughters would be equally valuable. Thus a one-to-one sex ratio is the only stable ratio; it is an “evolutionarily stable strategy.” Although Fisher wrote before the mathematical theory of games had been developed, his theory incorporates the essential feature of a game—that the best strategy to adopt depends on what others are doing.

Since Fisher’s time, it has been realized that genes can sometimes influence the chromosome or gamete in which they find themselves so that the gamete will be more likely to participate in fertilization. If such a gene occurs on a sex-determining (X or Y) chromosome, then highly aberrant sex ratios can occur. But more immediately relevant to game theory (game theory: 博弈论, 对策论) are the sex ratios in certain parasitic wasp species that have a large excess of females. In these species, fertilized eggs develop into females and unfertilized eggs into males. A female stores sperm and can determine the sex of each egg she lays by fertilizing it or leaving it unfertilized. By Fisher’s argument, it should still pay a female to produce equal numbers of sons and daughters. Hamilton, noting that the eggs develop within their host—the larva of another insect—and that the newly emerged adult wasps mate immediately and disperse, offered a remarkably cogent analysis. Since only one female usually lays eggs in a given larva, it would pay her to produce one male only, because this one male could fertilize all his sisters on emergence. Like Fisher, Hamilton looked for an evolutionarily stable strategy, but he went a step further in recognizing that he was looking for a strategy.

21. The author suggests that the work of Fisher and Hamilton was similar in that both scientists

(A) conducted their research at approximately the same time

(B) sought to manipulate the sex ratios of some of the animals they studied

(D) studied game theory, thereby providing important groundwork for the later development of strategy theory

(E) studied reproduction in the same animal species

22. It can be inferred from the passage that the author considers Fisher’s work to be

(A) fallacious and unprofessional

(B) definitive and thorough

(D) admirable, but not as up-to-date as Hamilton’s work

(E) accurate, but trivial compared with Hamilton’s work

23. The passage contains information that would answer which of the following questions about wasps?

I. How many eggs does the female wasp usually lay in a single host larva?

II. Can some species of wasp determine sex ratios among their offspring?

III. What is the approximate sex ratio among the offspring of parasitic wasps?

(A) I only

(B) II only

(D) I and II only

(E) II and III only

24. It can be inferred that the author discusses the genetic theory in greater detail than the group selection theory primarily because he believes that the genetic theory is more

(A) complicated

(B) accurate

(D) comprehensive

(E) accessible

25. According to the passage, successful game strategy depends on

(A) the ability to adjust one’s behavior in light of the behavior of others

(B) one’s awareness that there is safety in numbers

(D) the accuracy with which one can predict future events

(E) the success one achieves in conserving and storing one’s resources

26. It can be inferred from the passage that the mathematical theory of games has been

(A) developed by scientists with an interest in genetics

(B) adopted by Hamilton in his research