今天小编给大家整理了GRE阅读细节题型分析 ,我们一起来看看吧,下面小编就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。
GRE阅读细节题型分析1
细节题是一个比较泛泛的概念,如果细分,可以分成很多类,如给定行数题、写作用意题、强对比互取非题、改进性取非题、Except/Not题、逻辑题、题、类比题等等。为什么这里把这些不同类型的题归在一起?虽然,这些题的类型不同,但是它们都有一个共同的特性,就是在解答这类题时,都需要在原文进行有效的定位。所以,如何有效地在原文中进行定位并在读文章时对重要信息做标记,成为众多考生所不能忽视的地方。定位对解答GRE阅读中的细节题起着非常重要的作用。因为GRE阅读的做题方法通常是读原文→读题干→回原文定位这样一个顺序,所以,定位是在读完题干后,根据题干的特点,结合第一遍读原文的重点和所做的标记来确定所考内容的位置。正确有效的定位是快速做题和准确程度的关键因素。
下面就针对不同的细节题进行分析:
1. 给定行数题
给定行数,顾名思义,就是在题目中已经明确的给出了所考查内容的行数,题目中所涉及的内容也是有关给定行数所述内容的作用或者相关内容。这就需要考生在做这类题时,根据题目中所提示的行数,回到原文中去定位。但是有一点需要注意,像这类明确地给出行数地题,通常情况,答案都不在所给定地行数处,也不是给定行数内容地直接改写,因为出题者不会直接告诉你答案在哪,所以,在做这类题时,除了要根据它所提示的信息,还要结合所给行数的上下文的情况再做选择。
2. 写作用意题
这类题是针对文章某些内容的作用进行的提问,也就是题干中问到的这个具体事物在文章中出现时作者的用意是什么?所有的GRE文章都是议论文,作者提到具体的事物大体上有几种关系:支持、证明、解释或反对某观点,也就是说具体的事物总是和观点发生联系的。通常情况,给定行数题和写作用意题是混合出现的。
下面我们看一个例子:
In the early 1950’s, historians who studied pre-industrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began, for the first time in large numbers, to investigate more of the pre-industrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite: the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bishops, and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books. ……
One way out of this dilemma was to run to the records of legal courts, for here the voices of the non-elite can most often be heard, as witnesses, plaintiffs, and defendants. These documents have acted as “a point of entry into the mental world of the poor.” Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie have used the documents to extract case histories, which have illuminated the attitudes of different social group (these attitudes include, but are not confined to, attitudes toward crime and the law) and have revealed how the authorities administered justice. ……
……
The author mentions Le Roy Ladurie (Line 30)in order to _____
(A) give an example of a historian who has made one kind of use of court records
(B) cite a historian who has based case histories on the birth, marriage, and death records of the non-elite
(C) identify the author of the quotation cited in the previous sentence
(D) gain authoritative support for the view that the case history approach is the most fruitful approach to court records
(E) point out the first historian to realize the value of court records in illuminating the beliefs and values of the non-elite
分析:
这道题就属于典型的写作用意型, 同时又给出了指定的行数。Le Roy Ladurie 出现在文章的第二段,题目中已经明确给出行数(Line 30), 这样,通过这个信息,我们可以迅速的回到原文找到相关信息。Le Roy Ladurie很明显是作者举的一个例子,但是举这个例子的作用是什么?这个问题就要结合这段的内容去分析,这段的开头说“One way out of this dilemma was to run to the records of legal courts”,根据这句话我们可以知道,Le Roy Ladurie的出现应该是研究法庭记录的一个例子。所以,这道题正确选项是A. 当然,选项如果写成 illustrate that these documents have acted as “a point of entry into the mental world of the poor” 也是可以的。
需要注意的是,像这类写作用意题,它的答案选项第一个主动词并不具有判别意义,不管是illustrate, 还是give an example, 还是verify,还是别的类似的词汇,都是平等同义词,不需要过多的关注。
小结:
上面是对细节题中两种比较重要的题型进行的分析,通过分析,我们知道,给定行数题和写作用意题通常是混在一起出现的。答案一定不要盲目地停留在所给定地行数处,考生一定要联系上下文的内容去分析答案。
GRE阅读细节题型分析2
这类题的主要特点是,原文中有强对比的双方,题干只问及其中的一方,但是原文没有给出关于这方的叙述,而说了这方的强对比另一方的特征,所以答案却是对另一方叙述的取非。强对比关系层次比较多,例如,处于不同时间、历史时期、年代的事物通常其特点呈强对比;处于相对的地域、空间的事物通常其特点呈强对比;新事物、新观点和旧事物、传统观点呈强对比;用最高级、唯一性限定的事物和其余所有同类事物的特征呈强对比等。针对这类题目,在第一篇读文章的时候及时敏锐地发现它们并在文中做好标记,为解题时回到文中定位做好充分地准备。这些强对比出现地地方,通常会伴随着一些表示这类强对比关系的标志性词语,如unlike, in contrast to, be distinguished from, used to, new, current, once, until recently, only, unique, never……
根据强对比层次的不同,大体上将其分为:简单明示强对比、时间壮语强对比和优缺点强对比。下面就此进行具体分析:
1. 简单明示强对比
这类强对比属于普通的强对比,如文中说“A, unlike B; “C, in contrast to D, is…”等,这些都是明示强对比。下面我们用一个例子来具体说明:
Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them……
The passage suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to_____
(A) experience frustration but not serious financial harm
(B) face potentially crippling fixed expenses
(C) have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government
(D) increase its spending with minority subcontractors
(E) revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts
分析:
在原文中,并没有提到大企业投标失败会如何,但是文中提到了小企业的情况,标志性的词语是unlike large businesses, 这就表明文中进行了强对比,通过这句话,“since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them”,我们知道,小企业将会有财政和士气上的风险。根据这样的对比关系,大企业的情况应该与小企业的情况相反,所以,正确答案应该是A. 即“大企业会有一些波折,但是没有致命的财政影响”。
GRE阅读细节题型分析3
GRE阅读的题型众多,之前我们对细节题中的给定行数题、写作用意题、强对比取非题进行了详细的分析,今天我们主要介绍一下细节题中另一种比较重要的题型——类比题。
类比题的特征:首先,题干中一般都把所问事物所在的行数给出;其次,所考的类比的现象一般都可以让考生在考场上看懂;另外,阅读中类比题要考的是大致感觉,模糊对应,而不是GRE词汇类比题中的精细词义、关系的类比;最后,阅读类比题的选项虽然长,但还算好懂,而且正误选项的区分度比较大。
GRE阅读中类比题常见的提问方式:
Which of the following is an example of the type of … described in Line 2-5?
The … presented by the author in Lines 19-20 is similar to which of the following?
Which of the following is most nearly analogous to … as described in the passage ?
即“下列哪一选项所述现象和原文第n行的说法比较相像?”
类比题的选项一般比较长,需要花较长的时间去看。但是,这类题的难度并不是很高,只要时间够用,耐心地去做,类比题也是很容易拿分的。类比题需要在原文的类比原型中找到两个特征作为类比要素,尽量剔除现象的叙述,将其特征扩大化到抽象的、普通的、更具广泛适应性的范围中;再在各个选项中对照类比要素,耐心地按顺序看答案;哪个选项具备类比要素地特征,哪个就是正确答案。
罗马数字题
罗马数字题是GRE阅读中出现比较多的一种题型,通常情况,考试的题型中定会有一道或两道这类题型。虽然,出题的数目不是很多,但是也要特别注意。罗马数字题主要考查考生对文章的理解以及一些逻辑推理能力。在对文章的时候要对一些例子、解释等特别关注,要在文中做好标记,以便迅速地找到答案。
罗马数字题题的基本结构:
The author provides following which of the following examples in the passage?
Ⅰ only
Ⅱ only
Ⅲ only
Ⅰ & Ⅱ
Ⅱ & Ⅲ
当遇到罗马数字题时,首先回原文找列举,没有列举再继续看题做答。做大多数罗马数字题有捷径可走的,考生应该在看完选项后先看备选答案。比如,几个备选答案都有Ⅰ,则Ⅰ肯定是正确的,就不必再判断了。
下面举一个具体的例子:
The recent, apparently successful, prediction by mathematical models of an appearance of El Nino—the warm ocean current that periodically develops along the Pacific coast of South America—has excited researchers……
It has long been known that during an El Nino, two conditions exist: (1) unusually warm water extends along the eastern Pacific, principally along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru, and (2) winds blow from the west into the warmer air rising over the warm water in the east. These winds tend to create a feedback mechanism by driving the warmer surface water into a “pile” that blocks the normal upwelling of deeper, cold water in the east and further warms the eastern water, thus strengthening the wind still more. The contribution of the model is to show that the winds of an El Nino, which raise sea level in the east, simultaneously send a signal to the west lowering sea level. According to the model, that signal is generated as a negative Rossby wave, a wave of depressed, or negative, sea level, that moves westward parallel to the equator at 25 to 85 kilometers per day. Taking months to traverse the Pacific, Rossby waves march to the western boundary of the Pacific basin, which is modeled as a smooth wall but in reality consists of quite irregular island chains, such as the Philippines and Indonesia.
……
无论做什么题,我们在对完文章后,都要清楚一个基本的问题,就是文章的结构和行文思路。这篇文章属于结论解释型文章,作者在第一段的第一句话就提出了结论,后面所以内容都是对这个结论的解释说明。所以,文章的首句是全文的中心句(topic sentence)。
It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following would result fairly immediately from the cessation of the winds of an El Nino?
I. Negative Rossby waves would cease to be generated in the eastern Pacific.
II. The sea level in the eastern Pacific would fall.
III. The surface water in the eastern Pacific would again be cooled by being mixed with deep water.
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I and II only
(D) I and III only
(E) I, II, and III
GRE阅读细节题型分析4
Except/Not 题
Except/Not 题,顾名思义,就是在题目中出现很明显的标志性的词语,如except 或者not.它的通常的提问方式是:The author provides following in the passage except…? 从这一提问中,我们可以知道,出题者考查的是考生对细节题的掌握情况,选项中肯定会有一个是原文中没有提到的,而这个正是正确的答案。其他的选项都是原文中已经提到或者列举出来的。因此,在读文章的时候,一定要注意文章中列举过的事例等,所以,做标记就起着至关重要的作用。
做标记的直接目的就是为了定位。一个人纵然记忆力再好,也不可能将原文中的众多考点、关注点记得分毫不差。俗话说的好,“好脑子不如烂笔头子”,别在关键时刻对自己盲目自信。有些人可能会觉得读文章做标记太浪费时间,其实不然。熟练以后,记一个考点可以在一秒钟内完成,甚至可以边读边写,不另外花时间。但是在没有任何标记的情形下,回到密密麻麻的英文原文钟定位可就不知道要花多少时间了。尤其对于那些专有名词繁多、观点繁多、事物之间关系复杂的文章来说,不做笔记,即便你找到原文的描述,恐怕也难一时理清它们的关系。
特别是在解答Except/Not题中,这类题并不要求考生对文章有多深的理解,主要是考查考生是否能准确地在文中定位。遇到Except/Not题,一般地解题步骤是:
1、首先在读文章的时候,对文章中的列举处做出标记
2、按照题目,去文章中找做过的标记
3、找强对比事物特点的叙述
4、找原文中对此叙述曾明确反对或者没有提及过的东西。
下面以一个例子去说明:
Isadora Duncan’s masterly writings on the dance reveal the depth of her determination to create a lyric form of the art which was free of characterization, storytelling, and the theatrical exhibition of skills. She wished to discard the traditional methods and established vocabularies of such dance forms as ballet and to explore the internal sources of human expressiveness. She shunned bodily ornamentation and strove to use only the natural movements of her body, undistorted by acrobatic exaggeration and stimulated only by internal compulsion. In her recitals Duncan danced to the music of Beethoven, Wagner, and Gluck, among others, but, contrary to popular belief, she made no attempt to visualize or to interpret the music; rather, she simply relied on it to provide the inspiration for expressing inner feelings through movement. She did not regard this use of music as ideal, however, believing that she would someday dispense with music entirely. That day never came.
这篇文章属于典型的结论解释型文章。作者以这句话“Isadora Duncan’s masterly writings on the dance reveal the depth of her determination to create a lyric form of the art which was free of characterization, storytelling, and the theatrical exhibition of skills.”为开头,简明扼要地阐述了自己的结论,因此,文章的中心句即为首句。作者的结论是:伊莎多拉·邓肯关于舞蹈的高超著作揭示了她想创造一种新型抒情艺术的决心之深,该艺术抛弃了人物塑造、故事情节和戏剧性的技巧表现。后面的内容是对作者结论的解释说明。掌握的文章的结构框架和行文思路,在解答问题时就容易些了。
下面是一道Except/Not题:
According to the passage, Duncan intended to develop an art form that would do all of the following EXCEPT
(A) avoid the use of standard ballet techniques
(B) revitalize an earlier established vocabulary
(C) draw on internal sources of human expressiveness
(D) create intended effects without the use of acrobatic exaggeration
(E) derive inspiration solely from inner feelings
分析:
题目的意思是说“邓肯创作的艺术不做下列哪件事情?”,那么,答案的选项应该是找一个与原文叙述明确相反的观点。
A选项的说法:不使用标准芭蕾技巧。
这句话在文中的定位是She wished to discard the traditional methods and established vocabularies of such dance forms as ballet.意思是“她想要丢弃传统的方法和在类似芭蕾舞这样的艺术中已确立的舞蹈语言”,这句话的言外之意就是她不使用标准芭蕾技巧,所以,这种说法是正确的。
C选项的说法:利用人表达的内在因素。
这句话在文中的定位是to explore the internal sources of human expressiveness. 这句话正是C选项的表达。这样,C选项也是正确的。
D选项的说法:创造艺术效果不使用杂技性夸张。
E选项的说法:只从内心感觉激发灵感。
这两句话在原文中的定位是She shunned bodily ornamentation and strove to use only the natural movements of her body, undistorted by acrobatic exaggeration and stimulated only by internal compulsion.意思是“她不用过多的形体雕琢动作而是借助于自然形体动作,不受一些杂技性夸张动作的影响而只被内心的冲动所激发”,所以,D和E选项都是正确的。
B选项的说法:使一早先确立的舞蹈语言复活。 文中已经说了She wished to discard the traditional methods,即她想抛弃早先的语言。这是与原文的观点相反的说法,所以,这道题应该选B.
小结:
在Except/Not题型中,对于看不懂说什么,又好像原文提到过的选项不要一味纠缠,直接看下面的选项。因为多数时候,Except/Not题答案要比干扰选项更有特点。这类题目的答案通常不是原文明确反对过的,就是在原文中从未出现的内容,不会是模棱两可的选项。
GRE阅读细节题型分析5
逻辑题
GRE阅读中的逻辑题型和GMAT中的逻辑单题有很多相似之处。这类题型的数目不多,但是却包含了一些必要的逻辑推理知识,主要考察考生的逻辑推理能力。
逻辑题三大出题原则:
1、不需要专业的背景知识原则
阅读中的逻辑题都是基于其中的某一个段落,涉及的领域很广泛,像艺术、社会学、历史、教育、政治、体育、广告等。虽然涉及内容包罗万象,读懂文章、回答问题、无需任何学科、专业的特定知识,而应着重从逻辑推理的角度来思维。即使主题题是你未读到的,你的回答所需的一切信息均已包含在段落之中。
2、Which of the following 原则
逻辑题的大多数问题有which of the following, 要求你根据段落里所给信息及逻辑推理,从下面五个选项中选出一个选项,从而实现问题目的。有时,或许这个选项并不是专业知识背景下或常识中的最佳选项,但只要是五个选项中最能实现问题目的的选项就可以了。
3、If true 原则
If true在许多考题中出现,紧接在which of the following 之后,有时表达是if practicable, if accepted, if feasible, if correct等。这使得选项在即使违反常识或专业知识的情况下,我们也不能质疑其正确性。
阅读中的逻辑题型分为两种:
1、支持(support 题)
这类考题的特征在段落中给出一个推理或论证,但或者由于前提的条件不够充分,不足以推出其结论;或者由于论证的论据不够全面,不足以得出其结论,因此需用某一选项去补充其前提或论据,使推理或论证成立的可能性增大。但由于答案不需要充分性,所以只要某一选项放在段落推理的论据或结论之间,对段落推理成立或结论有支持作用,使段落推理成立、结论正确的可能性增大,那么这个选项就是支持的正确答案。
2、反对(weaken题)
反对题型的解题思路与支持题型的解题思路基本一样,只不过是其答案对段落推理的作用刚好相反。
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GRE阅读细节题型分析
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