雅思考试阅读4大常见题型入门指导

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雅思考试阅读4大常见题型入门指导

1. 在雅思阅读题型之list of heading：

⑴根据topic sentence 解题是比较重要的方法之一。因而要注意阅读每一段落的topic sentence.(句首、句中或句尾。一般在句首的可能性较大，因而对每一段的句首句要重点阅读。它不仅会给出整个段落的大意，还会解释本段落与上一段落之间的逻辑联系).

⑵与summary题一样，雅思阅读list of heading中的备选项一般多于答案的数量，这就意味着一个段落可以有几个符合的备选项，同样先把符合这个段落的备选项挑出来，缩小选择的范围，再从中选择会容易一些。

⑶与雅思阅读multiple choice 题一样，雅思阅读list of heading题的正确答案一定包含文章的要点(关键词、中心词)，因为题目考查的就是段落的大意。所以，虽然有些备选项的内容是正确的，在文章中也有提及，但却是文章中的细节，而不是大意，就应舍去。

⑷文章段落中所给的example绝对不会是雅思阅读题型之list of heading题的答案，因为它们只是对段落中主要观点的解释说明，并不全面系统，是片面的。

2. 在做雅思阅读题型之matching题的时候应注意：

⑴ 在雅思阅读matching题中并不是所有的备选项都适合每一个题目，换言之，备选项中只有特定的一部分选项是符合特定的题目的。所以在做题的时候可以先把符合该题干的备选项挑出来，缩小选择的范围，再去解题。解题的时候最好选用的方法是排除法。(如剑3的第二篇阅读)

⑵在雅思阅读matching题中一定要注意问的问题是涉及主观方面的还是客观方面的。所谓主观方面是指别人的观点、建议、设想等;而所谓客观方面是指事实、介绍、指导等。

⑶看清题序，对号入座。雅思matching题，尤其是图片matching题，一定要注意，所给图示的顺序标号不一定与原文中的叙述顺序相一致。做题时要以题目的顺序为标准，不要只是根据原文顺序依次选择。否则就算直到正确的搭配项也会因为答案填写顺序的失误而丢分!如：剑三第二套阅读第一篇。

⑷有些雅思阅读matching题要求找出所列的内容在文中的哪一个段落.其实这一类题与雅思阅读list of heading题有点相似。在做的时候最好能像做雅思阅读list of heading题一样先把文章段落之间的关系搞清楚,划分好文章的层次.虽然这样做会耗费一定的时间,但是比起盲目地满篇找答案还是方便快捷得多得.而且准确性也会有保证.这类题也可以参考short answer 题的做法，试着回答题干的问题，看在哪一段能找到答案。

另外，也要注意分析这类题的题干信息，如题目中出现了an overview of… 就要注意观察文章的开头和结尾部分，因为这两个部分尤其会出现overview的观点。出现in the future就要多注意文章的结尾部分，因为该部分最容易提出对未来的展望。

雅思阅读matching题是很多雅思考生的弱项。首先，这类题肯定不会遵循顺序的原则，所以做题的时候就会出现定位困难的现象。第二，这类题的选项本身会比较长，可能包含的是段落的大意，也有可能是段落中的细节，比较难以理解。往往回原文中定位的时候已经忘了题目，这个时候，一个小tip就是用中文把选项的意思简略地概括下，我们对中文的记忆是比英文强的。

⑸有些雅思matching题是考察文中出现得人物的观点或贡献、发现之类的,要求将每个人物与他们各自的观点搭配.做这一类题时,最好边读文章边把所有的人名框起来,这样回原文中定位的时候就会比较简单了.

3.在雅思阅读multiple choice 题中应注意：

⑴正确答案中一定包含文章的要点。(因为题目所考查的一定是文章的要点)。

⑵注意题目选项与原文的差别，有些看似相近的句子，其实包含了完全不同的意思。(如剑3第二篇中，原文为activate platelet, 而题目选项中是increase the number of platelet),所以一定要回到原文中去定位!!确保无误后再选!!

⑶在雅思阅读multiple choice题中一定要注意问的问题是涉及主观方面的还是客观方面的。所谓主观方面是指别人的观点、建议、设想等;而所谓客观方面是指事实、介绍、指导等。

⑷在雅思阅读multiple choice题中要审清题意，搞清楚题目到底要我们选择几个答案。不要漏选，也不要多选。

⑸雅思阅读multiple choice中的一个重要解题技巧就是“排除法”，而使用排除法时可以参考T/F/NG题的做法，因为要排除掉的就是F和NG的内容。如果实在找不出答案，就把答案从可靠到不可靠的顺序排下来，选最有可能的那一个。

⑹有的雅思阅读multiple choice题是要求选出适合的title，这个时候一定要注意Title必然包含文章的主要信息，而且一定要全面。有些选项虽然是正确的，但是只包含了文章主要内容的一部分，所以不能选。

4.在雅思阅读Y/N/NG 和T/F/NG题中：

⑴ 首先应该确认到底是Y/N/NG还是T/F/NG!非常重要。

⑵要注意Y/N/NG与T/F/NG的区别。前者是对观念的判断，考察的是题干与作者观点之间的一致性，故一般用于议论文;后者是对事实的判断，考察的是题干与文章中所给事实的一致性，因而多用于说明文。如：Cambridge3 Test2 passage3中的第32题。题干中说的是作者的观点，而原文中说的是decline in marriage ritual这一现象说明了它no need的这一事实，并不是作者的观点，所以依然是选’No’.

⑷ 第一感觉拿不准的题目，一般情况下都是NG。

⑷在阅读中一定要注意哪些是事实(fact),哪些是观点(Opinion)，不要搞混。同时也要注意什么是正确的观点，什么是错误的观点。有时候上一段讲大多数人的观点，到下一段就提出这种观点其实是错误的。所以不要断章取义!!同时也要注意转折词的使用!But, However, Although, Though等!

5. Table题属于细节题，大多考察某一事物的相同点或不同点，在原文中出现的位置相对集中，同时相当一部table题会涉及数字，因此回原文中定位比较容易。但做这种题目一定要细心，如果过于急躁，那很明显的答案也会找不出来的。

典型的例子是剑四Test1的Passage2(关于鲸鱼的)，其后的题目基本上都是定位题。

雅思阅读模拟题：Seeking an energy holy trinity

Seeking an energy holy trinity

Jan 10th 2007

From Economist.com

1 NEELIE KROES, the European Union’s competition commissioner, did not

mince her words when reporting on Europe’s energy markets on Wednesday January

10th. Europe’s energy firms have failed to invest in networks and so customers

are suffering. Those “vertically integrated” energy companies such as

Electricité de France (EDF) or Germany’s E.ON, widely dubbed as “national

champions”, are effectively behaving like local monopolies. Shy of competition,

eager for artificially high prices, they are helping to block the efficient

generation, transmission and distribution of energy on the continent.

2 Energy prices vary wildly across Europe. Ms Kroes wants to see cheaper

energy, and intends to push suppliers to divest their distribution network and

to get them to invest more in transportation systems so that more energy—in the

form of gas, or electricity, for example—can flow easily over borders. It is

remarkably hard, for example, for gas-poor Germany to import from the

neighbouring, gas-rich Netherlands. Companies that dominate national markets

have, so far, had little interest in improving the interconnections which would

mean lower prices for consumers across the continent.

3 Ms Kroes, of course, will struggle to get her way. The European

Commission, which on the same day presented its recommendation for improving EU

energy policy, also wants to see the unbundling of ownership, the legal

separation of energy suppliers and transporters, something that the integrated

energy companies and interested governments, notably in France and Germany, are

bound to oppose ferociously.

4 Complicating the matter is an argument over the security of energy supply

in Europe. Much has been made of the risk for western Europe of depending too

heavily on Russian exports of gas. Russia under Vladimir Putin is prone to using

energy exports as a blunt tool of foreign policy, especially when trying to

bully countries in its hinterland. Last year Russia interrupted gas deliveries

to Ukraine, affecting supplies in central and western Europe too. This week it

blocked oil exports passing via Belarus to Europe, though that spat was soon

resolved.

5 The risk is that concerns about security of supply may be used spuriously

by those in Europe who oppose the sort of liberalisation encouraged by Ms Kroes.

The likes of E.ON and EDF may claim that only protected national champions are

able to secure supply, by striking long-term deals with powerful foreign

suppliers. The Commission disagrees. Such deals are too often politically

motivated and far from transparent. Protection has been tried for long enough

and evidently has not worked for the internal market, nor have these companies

secured the best deals for consumers from the Russians.

6 In contrast, the Commission's new policy proposes, ideally, a break-up of

these companies into suppliers and distributors. (As a second best solution,

especially for France and Germany, it recommends the management of the networks

by a third party.) Properly independent managers of Europe's energy networks

would have a strong incentive to build interconnecting pipelines and power lines

across borders. For the gas market another means of ensuring competition and

security would be finding a more diverse range of suppliers, for example by

building more terminals for the import of liquified natural gas. It would also

be likely to mean lower prices, if the example of liberalised Britain over the

past ten years is anything to go by.

7 Whether any of this is likely to happen soon, however, is another matter.

The Commission is also calling for European governments to agree on a common

effort to reduce carbon emissions by at least 20% by 2020 (compared with 1990

levels). If America is willing to play ball, the Commission proposes to reduce

emissions by as much as 30%. Achieving either target would mean promoting

cleaner cars, a more effective emissions-trading system for Europe, wider use of

public transport and a sharp increase in the use of renewable sources of energy,

like wind and solar power. All that is laudable enough, but will also require

political horse-trading as governments—Europe’s leaders are due to meet in March

to discuss the various energy proposals—try to avoid commitments that may hurt

domestic energy companies or make European firms less competitive than rivals in

America, Asia and elsewhere.

雅思阅读冲刺模拟试题

Rogue theory of smell gets a boost

1. A controversial theory of how we smell， which claims that our fine sense

of odour depends on quantum mechanics， has been given the thumbs up by a team of

physicists.

2. Calculations by researchers at University College London (UCL) show that

the idea that we smell odour molecules by sensing their molecular vibrations

makes sense in terms of the physics involved.

3. That’s still some way from proving that the theory， proposed in the

mid-1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin， is correct. But it should make other

scientists take the idea more seriously.

4. “This is a big step forward，” says Turin， who has now set up his own

perfume company Flexitral in Virginia. He says that since he published his

theory， “it has been ignored rather than criticized.”

5. Most scientists have assumed that our sense of smell depends on

receptors in the nose detecting the shape of incoming molecules， which triggers

a signal to the brain. This molecular ’lock and key’ process is thought to lie

behind a wide range of the body’s detection systems： it is how some parts of the

immune system recognise invaders， for example， and how the tongue recognizes

some tastes.

6. But Turin argued that smell doesn’t seem to fit this picture very well.

Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different — such as

alcohols， which smell like spirits， and thiols， which smell like rotten eggs.

And molecules with very different structures can smell similar. Most strikingly，

some molecules can smell different — to animals， if not necessarily to humans —

simply because they contain different isotopes (atoms that are chemically

identical but have a different mass)。

7. Turin’s explanation for these smelly facts invokes the idea that the

smell signal in olfactory receptor proteins is triggered not by an odour

molecule’s shape， but by its vibrations， which can enourage an electron to jump

between two parts of the receptor in a quantum-mechanical process called

tunnelling. This electron movement could initiate the smell signal being sent to

the brain.

8. This would explain why isotopes can smell different： their vibration

frequencies are changed if the atoms are heavier. Turin’s mechanism， says

Marshall Stoneham of the UCL team， is more like swipe-card identification than a

key fitting a lock.

9. Vibration-assisted electron tunnelling can undoubtedly occur — it is

used in an experimental technique for measuring molecular vibrations. “The

question is whether this is possible in the nose，” says Stoneham’s colleague，

Andrew Horsfield.

10. Stoneham says that when he first heard about Turin’s idea， while Turin

was himself based at UCL， “I didn’t believe it”。 But， he adds， “because it was

an interesting idea， I thought I should prove it couldn’t work. I did some

simple calculations， and only then began to feel Luca could be right.” Now

Stoneham and his co-workers have done the job more thoroughly， in a paper soon

to be published in Physical Review Letters.

11. The UCL team calculated the rates of electron hopping in a nose

receptor that has an odorant molecule bound to it. This rate depends on various

properties of the biomolecular system that are not known， but the researchers

could estimate these parameters based on typical values for molecules of this

sort.

12. The key issue is whether the hopping rate with the odorant in place is

significantly greater than that without it. The calculations show that it is —

which means that odour identification in this way seems theoretically

possible.

13. But Horsfield stresses that that’s different from a proof of Turin’s

idea. “So far things look plausible， but we need proper experimental

verification. We’re beginning to think about what experiments could be

performed.”

14. Meanwhile， Turin is pressing ahead with his hypothesis. “At Flexitral

we have been designing odorants exclusively on the basis of their computed

vibrations，” he says. “Our success rate at odorant discovery is two orders of

magnitude better than the competition.” At the very least， he is putting his

money where his nose is.

(668 words Nature)

Questions 1-4

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the

passage? Please write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the writer

FALSE if the statement does not agree with the writer

NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage

1. The result of the study at UCL agrees with Turin’s theory.

2. The study at UCL could conclusively prove what Luca Turin has

hypothesized.

3. Turin left his post at UCL and started his own business because his

theory was ignored.

4. The molecules of alcohols and those of thiols look alike.

Questions 5-9

Complete the sentences below with words from the passage. Use NO MORE THAN

THREE WORDS for each answer.

5. The hypothesis that we smell by sensing the molecular vibration was made

by ______.

6. Turin’s company is based in ______.

7. Most scientists believed that our nose works in the same way as our

______.

8. Different isotopes can smell different when ______ weigh

differently.

9. According to Audrew Horsfield， it is still to be proved that ______

could really occur in human nose.

Question 10-12

Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage

for each answer.

10. What’s the name of the researcher who collaborated with Stoneham?

11. What is the next step of the UCL team’s study?

12. What is the theoretical basis in designing odorants in Turin’s

company?