雅思阅读长难句的重点信息搜寻法

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雅思阅读中的文章以"篇幅长;单词多"著称，每篇文章中都含有大量的长难句。下面小编给大家带来了雅思阅读长难句的重点信息搜寻法，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧

雅思阅读长难句的重点信息搜寻法

1 雅思阅读技巧--借用文中的"特殊符号"

雅思阅读中经常出现的特殊符号有破折号;引号;冒号;括号。其中大多情况下两个破折号或两个逗号中间所夹杂的文字信息叫做"插入成分";插入成分就是解释说明前面的信息。此外，冒号后面的内容也是起解释说明的作用。如何利用这些特殊符号请看以下的例子：

雅思剑桥真题4(以下简称剑4)上72页C段第二小段第一句话为：Sometimes it is slow： vast bubbles of magma - molten rock from the mantle - inch towards the surface， cooling slowly， to show through as granite extrusions (as on Skye， or the Great Whin Sill， the lava dyke squeezed out like toothpaste that carries part of Hadrian's Wall in northern England). 很多学生一看到文中出现了magma;mantle以及granite等词就开始有些晕。其实如果大家可以看到 "it is slow"后面出现了特殊符号"冒号"，那直接看冒号后面的信息就好了;而下文又出现了两个破折号解释前面。如此一来，"vast bubbles of magma"这4个词就成了这句话的重点内容了。

2 雅思阅读技巧--连词来搜索关键信息

大家读到的阅读文章中充满着大量的逻辑关系，比如递进关系，转折关系或比较关系。其中大多数转折连词(but; however; nevertheless等)后面接续的都是重点，那么我们该如何利用这些连接词呢?请看下面的一个例子：

剑9上97页A段第六行有一句话是这样的：Museums used to look - and some still do - much like storage rooms of objects packed together in showcases： good for scholars who wanted to study the subtle differences in design， but not for the ordinary visitor， to whom it all looked alike. 这句话一共有42个单词，那么大的信息量到底哪些是重点呢?借用上文说到的特殊符号冒号后面是关键信息这一说法，"showcases"后面出现了冒号，那么冒号前面的文字都可以不用看了。如果再往下读，一个"but"转折连词就会出现在我们面前，而"to whom it all looked alike"是一个非限定性定语从句，即使去掉，主句的意思和逻辑关系也不受影响。这样一来，这句话最关键的信息就成了：but not for the ordinary visitor这6个单词了。

3 雅思阅读技巧--使用宾语从句知识

如果一个句子中出现show;suggest;display;illustrate;indicate等意思为"表明"或"展示"的谓语动词的时候，它们后面都可以接宾语从句，而这些宾语从句大多数都比较重要。如此一来，大家就不用太去纠结主句该怎么翻译了，而在考试的时候也没有那么多时间去逐字翻译。

例如：剑桥雅思6的94页D段倒数第二句话：In Norway， after an intervention campaign was introduced nationally， an evaluation of forty-two schools suggested that， over a two-year period， bullying was halved. 这句话虽然有一堆逗号，但是大家可以一点点往后推：跳过InNorway这两个词，再跳过after引导的状语从句，就会发现后面出现"…suggest that…"宾语从句，即后面是重点信息。"over a two-year period"这个时间段不是重点，因此也可以直接跳过，然后大家会发现这句话就只剩下了"bullying was halved"这3个词了。

雅思阅读全真模考题:淡水危机

Crisis! Fresh Water

You should spend about 20 minutes on Question 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage below.

As in New Delhi and Phoenix, policymakers worldwide wield great power over how water resources are managed. Wise use of such power will become increasingly important as the years go by because the world's demand for freshwater is currently overtaking its ready supply in many places, and this situation shows no sign of abating.

That the problem is well-known makes it no less disturbing: today one out of six people, more than a billion, suffer inadequate access to safe freshwater. By 2025, according to data released by the United Nations, the freshwater resources of more than half the countries across the globe will undergo either stress—for example, when people increasingly demand more water than is available or safe for use —or outright shortages. By midcentury as much as three quarters of the earth's population could face scarcities of freshwater.

Scientists expect water scarcity to become more common in large part because the world's population is rising and many people are getting richer (thus expanding demand) and because global climate change is exacerbating aridity and reducing supply in many regions. What is more, many water sources are threatened by faulty waste disposal, releases of industrial pollutants, fertilizer runoff and coastal influxes of saltwater into aquifers as groundwater is depleted.

Because lack of access to water can lead to starvation, disease, political instability and even armed conflict, failure to take action can have broad and grave consequences. Fortunately, to a great extent, the technologies and policy tools required to conserve existing freshwater and to secure more of it are known among which several seem particularlyeffective. What is needed now is action. Governments and authorities at every level have to formulate and execute concrete plans for implementing the political, economic and technological measures that can ensure water security now and in the coming decades.

The world's water problems requires, as a start, an understanding of how much freshwater each person requires, along with knowledge of the factors that impede supply and increase demand in different parts of the world. Malin Falkenmark of the Stockholm International Water Institute and other experts estimate that, on average, each person on the earth needs a minimum of 1,000 cubic meters (m3) of water .The minimum water each person requires for drinking, hygiene and growing food. The volume is equivalent to two fifths of an Olympic-size swimming pool.

Much of the Americas and northern Eurasia enjoy abundant water supplies. But several regions are beset by greater or lesser degrees of "physical" scarcity —whereby demand exceeds local availability. Other areas, among them Central Africa, parts of the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, contend with "economic" water scarcity, where lack of technical training, bad governments or weak finances limit access even thoughsufficientsupplies are available.

More than half of the precipitation that falls on land is never available for capture or storage because it evaporates from the ground or transpires from plants; this fraction is called green water. The remainder channels into so-called blue-water sources—rivers, lakes, wetlands and aquifers—that people can tap directly. Farm irrigation from these free-flowing bodies is the biggest single human use of freshwater. Cities and industries consume only tiny amounts of total freshwater resources, but the intense local demand they create often drains the surroundings of ready supplies.

Lots of Water, but not always where it is needed one hundred and ten thousand cubic kilometers of precipitation, nearly 10 times the volume of Lake Superior, falls from the sky onto the earth's land surface every year. This huge quantity would be enough to easily fulfill the requirements of everyone on the planet if the water arrived where and when people needed it. But much of it cannot be captured (top), and the rest is distributed unevenly (bottom). Green water (61.1% of total precipitation.: absorbed by soil and plants, then released back into the air; unavailable for withdrawal. Blue water (38.8% of total precipitation.: collected in rivers, lakes, wetlands and groundwater; available for withdrawal before it evaporates or reaches the ocean. These figures may not add up to 100% because of rounding. Only 1.5% is directly used by people.

Waters run away in tremendous wildfires in recent years. The economic actors had all taken their share reasonably enough; they just did not consider the needs of the natural environment, which suffered greatly when its inadequate supply was reduced to critical levels by drought. The members of the Murray-Darling Basin Commission are now frantically trying to extricate themselves from the disastrous results of their misallocation of the total water resource. Given the difficulties of sensibly apportioning the water supply within a single nation, imagine the complexities of doing so for international river basins such as that of the Jordan River, which borders on Lebanon, Syria, Israel, the Palestinian areas and Jordan, all of which have claims to the shared, but limited, supply in an extremely parched region. The struggle for freshwater has contributed to civil and military disputes in the area. Only continuing negotiations and compromise have kept this tense situation under control.

Questions 1-5

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement is true

FALSE if the statement is false

NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

1. The prospect for the need for the freshwater worldwide is obscure.

2. To some extent, the challenge for the freshwater is alleviated by the common recognition.

3. Researchers arrive at the water crisis based on persuasive consideration of several factors.

4. The fact that people do not actually cherish the usage of water also contributes to the water scarcity.

5. Controversy can't be avoided for adjacent nations over the water resource.

Questions 6-10

The reading Passage has eleven paragraphs A-I

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter A-I, in boxes 6-10 on your answer sheet

NB you may use any letter more than once

6. the uneven distribution of water around the world

7. other factors regarding nature bothering people who make the policies

8. joint efforts needed to carry out the detailed solutions combined with various aspects

9. no always-in-time match available between the requirements and the actual rainfall

10. the lower limit of the amount of freshwater for a person to survive

Questions 11-13

Summary

Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using No More than Three words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.

Many severe problems like starvation and military actions etc. result from the shortage of water which sometimes for some areas seems 11 because of unavailability but other regions suffer other kind of scarcity for insufficient support. 12 of the rainfall can't be achieved because of evaporation. Some other parts form the 13 which can be used immediately. Water to irrigate the farmland takes a considerable amount along with the use for cities and industries and the extended need from the people involved.

文章题目：Crisis!Fresh Water

篇章结构：

体裁：

论说文

主题：

淡水资源紧缺

结构：

A段：提出问题，点明淡水资源供小于求的情况

B段：数据预测未来缺水情形

C段：导致缺水预期普遍化的几个因素

D段：保护水资源需要采取的行动

E段：了解水资源问题1首先要了解个人淡水需求量

Ｆ段：了解水资源问题2其次要了解世界不同地方阻碍淡水供应因素（如：物理缺水，经济缺水等，即缺水类型）

G段：了解水资源问题3可利用降水量少，本地需求大

H段：3降水量时空分布不均，可利用降水占比少

Ｉ段：合理分配水资源的困难

试题解析：

Questions 1-5:

l 题目类型：True/False/Not Given题型——是非题

题号

答案

定位词

文中对应点

题目解析

need for freshwater

A段最后一句

demand for freshwater

1，选项：未来对水的需求预期不清楚F

2，是非题往往存在顺序性，本题在原文中对应比较靠前

3，根据题目中的关键词定位到原文A段最后一句

4，精读：原文中说目前很多地方对淡水的需求量超过供应量，并且这种情况没有显示出减弱的迹象。

5，困惑点预判：虽然前半句currently说的是目前，和题目题目中prospect貌似不符，但是后半句有提到没有减弱迹象。所以未来对淡水需求依旧庞大。

common recognition

B段第一句

That the problem is well-known

1，选项：从某种程度上来说，对水资源短缺的共识弱化了它所带来的挑战F

2，B段第一句表明，尽管这个问题众所周知，但它还是令人不安。

3，关键：否定词no less

Researchers arrive at

C段第一句

Scientists expect…because..and because…what’s more

1，选项：研究人员基于对几种因素的深刻考虑得出了关于水危机的明确结论T

2，C段第一句讲到Scientists expect water scarcity to become more common in large part对应题目中的specific conclusion；based on对应because；several factors对应because…and because..what’s more

3，tips：注意表并列的关联词

Not

Given

Water scarcity

C段第一句

Scientists expect water scarcity to become

1，选项：人们不珍惜水资源同样导致了水资源短缺Not Given

2，C段中给出了导致water scarcity的几种原因，1，getting richer 2，global climate change 3，faulty waste disposal 4，industrial pollutants 5，fertilizer runoff 6，saltwater water into aquifer并没有提到人们不珍惜用水

Adjacent nations

I段第四句

…which borders on…all of which have claims to the shared

1，选项：邻国之间就水危机的争论难以避免T

2，I段第三句说Given the difficulties…within a single nation...imagine the complexities…for international river basins such as…这句话中Given表让步，单个国家已经够难了，可见国际间的会更难，后面的例子又说几个相邻的国家（which have claims to the shared…）之间存在struggle for freshwater

以及only等词都在强调解决争端的不易

Questions 6-10:

l 题目类型：Matching题型——从属关系搭配题

题号

答案

定位词

文中对应点

题目解析

F、H

Uneven distribution

H段第三句

Is distributed uneveny

1，选项：世界范围内水的不均衡分布

2，Matching题第一题的答案往往比较靠后

3，H段前半段主要讲降水的时空分布不均

原文：But Much of it cannot be captured(top),and the rest is distributed unevenly(bottom).

4，F段第一句

Much of。。abundant。。But。。。

前后句转折的关系表明前后两地水量截然相反，分布不均衡，对应题目中Uneven distribution

5，疑点：H段中所指为precipitation能否等同于题干中water

Other factors

Regarding nature

Ｉ段第二句

Needs Of Natural environment

1，选项：其他困扰决策者的自然因素

2，由other factors结合篇章布局大概能推出对应内容更有可能在文章后半部分，I段首句提到wildfire这一小自然因素，快读圈定本段

3，精读：第一句：具体例子wildfire导致干涸，第二句观点句：didn’t consider…

本句话中表明这些决策者并没有考虑自然环境相关需求regarding nature，紧接着下文给例子，说某位决策者试图摆脱分配不当当值的后果和bothering对应

Joint efforts

D段最后一句at every level

1，选项：实施和多方面相关的解决方案需要共同努力

2，D段最后一句和题目中的句子就是一个同义改写

Joint efforts——t every level

Detailed solutions——Concrete plans

Aspects——political,economic and ,technological

No always-in-time

rainfall

H段第二句

Not always where…where and when

1，选项：实际降雨量和需求量在时间上并不总是相匹配

2，定位：Rainfall是ＧＨ两段的主要讨论对象，由rainfall快速圈定范围，再有H段首句not always和题目中的No always-in-time类似

3，解析：精读H段第一句发现只说到地点分布不均匀，并未提及时间上的不对等，继续到第二句。有if+arrived…where and when表虚拟，以及后面的But转折都能看出实际上地点和时间分布都不均匀

Lower limit

amount

for a Person

E段第二句

a minimum of.

1，选项：选项：个体生存所需要的淡水量下限

2，Amount…for a Person是E段的主要讨论对象，圈定段落后扫读lower limit，第二句中出现同义改写：a minimum of..说的是专家预测，每个人至少需要1000立方的水

Questions 11-13:

l 题目类型：Summary题型——摘要填空题

题号

定位词

文中对应点

题目解析

关键：关注空格前后内容

空格后：some areas…because of unavailability but other regins…insufficient support

F段第二句

解题关键：关注空格前后内容，本道题后面有But转折关系，其实是两个缺水类型的比较，找到后者在原文中的对应，即找到前者。F段中讨论了两种不同的缺水类型，一个是physical scarcity，另一个是economic scarcity并解释后者不是因为缺少水资源而是缺少技术培训和政府支持等人为因素。另外空缺处前面seems系动词后面跟形容词，不需要进行词性转变

Rainfall evaporation

G段第一句

Rainfall是ＧH两段的主要讨论对象，所以快速圈定大范围

扫读evaporation，对应G段第一句because it evaporates前面的结果是never available forcapture or storage其中never available for和空格后面can’t be achieved对应，另外空格处应为名词，词性不变

Some other parts

Used immediately

G段第二句

空格前面Some other parts表明讨论对象不变，依旧是rainfall，后面to irrigate the farmland对应原文G段第三句Farm irrigation from…确定对应点为G段第二句，该句讲到另外一部分水进入河流，湖泊，湿地等，people can tap directly和题目中Used immediately对应

参考译文：淡水资源紧缺

在新德里和凤凰城，世界各地的决策者使出浑身解数致力于如何管理水资源。明智地使用这种权力将变得越来越重要，因为随着岁月的流逝，世界上的淡水需求目前在许多地方都是需求超过供给，并且这种情况没有显示出减弱的迹象。

尽管这个问题是众所周知的，但它同样令人不安：今天，每6个人中就有1个人，也就是说有超过一亿的人，遭受无法获得足够的安全淡水的问题。根据联合国公布的数据，到2025年，全球范围内超过一半的国家的淡水资源将会要么面对压力，例如，越来越多的人所需要的水比可安全使用的水要多，要么就是该国家安全的淡水资源直接短缺。到本世纪中叶，地球多达四分之三的人口能面临淡水稀缺。

科学家们对水资源短缺的预期变得越来越普遍，在很大程度上是因为世界人口正在上升，很多人都越来越富裕（从而扩大需求），因为全球气候变化加剧了干旱和减少了水资源的供应。此外，因为故障废物处置，工业污染物的释放，化肥的径流和因为地下水的枯竭使得沿海海水涌入到含水层等使得水源受到威胁。

由于水资源缺乏会导致饥饿，疾病，和武装冲突，如果不能采取行动，会产生广泛和严重的后果。幸运的是，在很大程度上，需要保护现有水资源的技术和政策工具是已知的，并且其中几个似乎特别有效。现在需要的是行动。每一级的政府和当局必须制定和执行具体计划来保证政治，经济和技术等确保现在和未来几十年水资源安全的措施的实行。

全球水资源问题首先需要解决的是了解每个人需要的淡水量以及在世界不同地方阻碍淡水供应和增加淡水需求的因素。斯德哥尔摩国际水资源研究所的Malin Falkenmark等专家估计，平均而言，地球上的每个人至少需要1000立方米的水。每个人所需要的最基本的水包括饮用水，卫生用水和种植粮食用水。这个里相当于一个奥林匹克规模的游泳池所蓄水的五分之二。

大部分美洲和欧亚大陆北部享受丰宫的水供应。但是，一些地区的“物理”稀缺性使得需求超过当地可提供的量，使得这些地区或多或少地受到水资源问题的困扰。其他地区，像非洲中部，印度次大陆和东南亚的部分地区，要应对“经济型”缺水，那里缺乏技术培训，政府不力或较弱的财政支持使得即使有足够的供应依然面临水资源短缺的问题。

超过一半落在上地上的冰雹从来都不可用于捕获成存储，因为它从地面蒸发，或从植物蒸发，这部分被称为绿水。其余的部分进入所谓的蓝水来源，像河流，湖泊，湿地和地下蓄水层，这些是人们可以轻轻松松使用到的水源。这些用于农田灌溉的自由流动的水是单个人使用淡水量中占最大比例的部分。城市和工业本身只消耗少量的淡水资泜，但它们所创造的的巨大的本地需求耗尽了周围可以用的水资源。

是有大量的水存在，但并不总是当需要110000立方千米的水时，每年有10倍于苏必利尔湖的雨水从填空降落在地球陆地表面。如果在人们需要的时候，雨水可以随时降落以满足人们的需求的话，那么其实整个的蓄水量还是足够大来应付的。但大部分的水不能被捕获（靠近顶端的)，其余的是不均匀分布（靠近底部的）。绿水（总降水量的61%.：由土壤和植物吸收，然后重新释放到空气中，无法分离以供人使用。蓝水（总降水量的38.8%.：在河流，湖泊，湿地和地下水可供提取，蒸发之前到达海洋。这些数字加起来可能因为四舍五入不到100%。只有1.5%的水可供人直接使用。

近年来的大型野火使得水资源大量消失。所有经济行为者已经采取了合理的份额，他们只进没有考虑自然环境的需求，当供应不足时，会因为干旱降低到临界值。墨累—达令流域委员会的成员现在疯狂地试图摆脱他们的分配不当的水资源总量导致的灾难性后果。鉴于理智地分摊在一个单一国家的供水都是非常困难的，可以想象如果在国际河流流域接壤的如黎巴嫩，叙利亚，以色列，巴勒斯坦地区和约旦，约旦河是共享的，但是是有限制的，在这样一个非常炎热的地区分配以满足供应的要求是有多么复杂，在该地区不断有民用和军用关于淡水的纠纷。只有持续不断的谈判和妥协，这一紧张局势才能在控制之下。

参考答案：

Version20110主题淡水资源紧缺

FALSE

TRUE

NOT GIVEN

TRUE

physical

capture or shortage

blue-water