雅思阅读高分的3大必备基本功分析

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阅读是最需要积累的一项语言能力，词汇、句法乃至常见文章写法、思路，下面小编给大家带来了雅思阅读高分的3大必备基本功分析，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

雅思阅读高分的3大必备基本功分析

其一：“点穴”

——正确认识和有效提高词汇量。

即便是土生土长的老外也会遇到生词，莫说很多仓促上阵的考鸭们。而且考试时间就是金钱，不可能一字一句毫无遗漏地读完。所以笔者提倡根据考试选材的常见类别进行相应的专题复习，加以一定的技巧，是可以在短期内有效提高单词的。比如剑4test3中的火山一文，除了学习文中的词汇，还可以把滑坡landslide,海啸tsunami等词加以衔接，达到举一反三的效果。若能结合国家地理或者探索频道的相关节目，效果会更好。建议抽取其中一两个段落进行精读，尤其熟悉短语和句型的表达，这样词汇必将更上一层楼。

同时要注意近义词的表达和积累。这在summary和是非题中都有体现。题目往往来个易容之术，殊不知真相就在眼前。比如“下降”一词，就至少有diminish,dwindle,plunge,plummet,等等，而词的用法和感情色彩有各自不同。前两者表示逐步下降，而后两者强调剧烈，突然的程度。

另一方面，对词性的把握要到位，这一点在summary中极为突出。考试中常考的无外乎动词，名词以及形容词。预先估计出所填词的词性和大意，往往能先发制人。比如剑五global warming的summary(第28页)可以在不看文章的情况下灵活判断，第39题课根据常理进行合理推断出之有通过正确而有效的方法来应对全球变暖，纵观所有选项，只有right符合。

此法好比武学之中的点穴秘籍，搏击之时拿人要穴，一击中的，可起四两拨千斤之效。关键之时一词语能救人。务必持之以恒，方见成效。

其二：“经脉”

——语法要疏通

语法无用论是坚决错误的!语法好比人体经络，词汇好比气血，即便表面血气旺盛，而经脉不通，隐藏的病症就会郁积的越厉害，发作之时如燎原之势必然一发不可收拾。没有语法的词汇就像是脱缰的野马，散落的珍珠，无法够成一个有力的整体，发挥不了原有的效力。

笔者也不提倡死背语法，而提倡活学活用。常用的语法如通过连接词判断词语乃至句子之间的联系，判断句子的主谓宾，分析从句这都是基本功。即使找到题目所蕴含的关键词切莫高兴的太早，一定要仔细分析句子结构。往往答案巧妙的隐藏在原文之中，却不是光看表面就找的出来的。

其三：“内息”

——长难句秒速拆解

1.养成意群(sense group)阅读的习惯

我们平时在进行中文阅读时，往往读得很快，每一行匆匆一扫就能看懂大致的意思，我们用我们的母语可以做到快速阅读，外国人用他们的母语英语也能做到快速阅读。那我们读英文是否也可以像读中文一样，快速一扫就能知道大概意思呢?答案是肯定的，其实我们之所以在读中文时可以达到那么快的速度是因为我们会几个词一块儿读，意思完整的一块儿读，而不是逐字地读。那么相对地，读英文时，我们也可以通过长期训练达到几个词一起读的功力，把不能分割的词合并形成意群，这样将会大大提高我们的阅读速度。平时我们可以搜集一些长难句，专门进行意群训练，慢慢养成快速阅读的习惯。

2. 尽量不要整句回看

很多同学平时在读文章的时候，往往会注意力不集中，看了一遍不懂就赶紧返回去再看，有时候看了一遍不懂，要看三、四遍，有的时候即使看了三、四遍还是不懂。这个习惯非常不好，很容易打乱阅读文章的节奏(pace)。所以平时在做雅思阅读或是阅读其他英文材料的时候，就要强迫自己高度集中注意力，一遍完成。虽然训练的过程会很痛苦，但是经过一个阶段的训练，将会对我们的英语阅读有非常大的帮助。

雅思阅读机经真题解析-Man or Machine

During July 2003, the Museum of Science in Cambridge, Massachusetts exhibited what Honda calls 'the world's most advanced humanoid robot', AS1MO (the Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility). Honda's brainchild is on tour in North America and delighting audiences wherever it goes. After 17 years in the making, ASIMO stands at four feet tall, weighs around 115 pounds and looks like a child in an astronaut's suit. Though it is difficult to see ASIMO's face at a distance, on closer inspection it has a smile and two large eyes' that conceal cameras. The robot cannot work autonomously - its actions are 'remote controlled' by scientists through the computer in its backpack. Yet watching ASMIO perform at a show in Massachusetts it seemed uncannily human. The audience cheered as ASIMO walked forwards and backwards, side to side and up and downstairs. After the show, a number of people told me that they would like robots to play more of a role in daily life - one even said that the robot would be like 'another person'.

While the Japanese have made huge strides in solving some of the engineering problems of human kinetics (n.动力学) and bipedal (adj. 两足动物的)movements, for the past 10 years scientists at MIT's former Artificial Intelligence (Al) lab (recently renamed the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, CSAIL) have been making robots that can behave like humans and interact with humans. One of MITs robots, Kismet, is an anthropomorphic (adj.拟人的) head and has two eyes (complete with eyelids), ears, a mouth, and eyebrows. It has several facial expressions, including happy, sad, frightened and disgusted. Human interlocutors are able to read some of the robot's facial expressions, and often change their behavior towards the machine as a result - for example, playing with it when it appears ‘sad’. Kismet is now in MIT’s museum, but the ideas developed here continue to be explored in new robots.

Cog (short for Cognition) is another pioneering project from MIT’s former AI lab. Cog has a head, eyes, two arms, hands and a torso (n.躯干) - and its proportions were originally measured from the body of a researcher in the lab. The work on Cog has been used to test theories of embodiment and developmental robotics, particularly getting a robot to develop intelligence by responding to its environment via sensors, and to learn through these types of interactions.

MIT is getting furthest down the road to creating human-like and interactive robots. Some scientists argue that ASIMO is a great engineering feat but not an intelligent machine - because it is unable to interact autonomously with unpredictabilities in its environment in meaningful ways, and learn from experience. Robots like Cog and Kismet and new robots at MIT’s CSAIL and media lab, however, are beginning to do this.

These are exciting developments. Creating a machine that can walk, make gestures and learn from its environment is an amazing achievement. And watch this space: these achievements are likely rapidly to be improved upon. Humanoid robots could have a plethora of uses in society, helping to free people from everyday tasks. In japan, for example, there is an aim to create robots that can do the tasks similar to an average human, and also act in more sophisticated situations as firefighters, astronauts or medical assistants to the elderly in the workplace and in homes – partly in order to counterbalance the effects of an ageing population.

Such robots say much about the way in which we view humanity, and they bring out the best and worst of us. On one hand, these developments express human creativity - our ability to invent, experiment, and to extend our control over the world. On the other hand, the aim to create a robot like a human being is spurred on by dehumanized ideas - by the sense that human companionship can be substituted by machines; that humans lose their humanity when they interact with technology; or that we are little more than surface and ritual behaviors, that can be simulated with metal and electrical circuits.

Questions 1-6

Reading passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.

NB you may use any letter more than once

1 different ways of using robots

2 a robot whose body has the same proportion as that of an adult

3 the fact that human can be copied and replaced by robots

4 a comparison between ASIMO from Honda and other robots

5 the pros and cons of creating robots

6 a robot that has eyebrows

Questions 7-13

Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage 1, using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 7-13 on your answer sheet.

In 2003, Massachusetts displayed a robot named ASIMO which was invented by Honda, after a period of 7 in the making. The operating information is stored in the computer in its 8 so that scientists can control ASIMO's movement. While Japan is making great progress, MIT is developing robots that are human-like and can 9 humans. What is special about Kismet is that it has different 10 which can be read by human interlocutors. 11 is another robot from MIT, whose body's proportion is the same as an adult. By responding to the surroundings through 12 ,it could develop its 13 .

雅思阅读机经真题解析-Man or Machine

文章题目：Man or Machine

篇章结构：

体裁

议论文

题目

是人还是机器

结构

A. ASMID研制成功并向公众展示的社会影响

B. CSAIL一直致力于研制拟人机器人

C. Cog是有着和人来一样的比例的机器人

D.在创造类人互动机器人方面, MIT走在前端

E.类人机器人的发展空间

F.创造类人机器人的利与弊

试题分析：

Question 1-13

题目类型：Information in relevant paragraph

定位词

文中对应点

题目解析

Different ways

E段第4句

E段开头就引出创造机器人的成就,随后并提出这些成就有一定的发展空间,直到第四句说明这些类人机器人have aplethoraof uses,用途多样.因此答案为E

The same proportion

...adult

C段第2句

C段第2句提到cog has a head...and itsproportionswere originally measured from the body of aresearcherin the lab.表明该机器人是按照成年人人体比例创造的,因此答案为C

Copied replaced

F段第3句

F段第三句the aim to create...by the sense human...can besubstituted..., that can besimulated都表示人类可被机器等取代.因此答案为F

Comparison

ASIMO... Pther robots

D段第2,3句

D段第2句指出ASIMO is...but not an intelligent machine,because it is unable to...learn from experience.第3句又表明robots like...however,are beginning to do this.体现出其他机器人能做到ASIMO所不能做到的自发学习.因此答案为D

Pros and cons

F段第1句

F段开头指出这些机器人证明了我们看待人性的方式, bring outthe best and worstof us.这半句话体现出创造机器人的利与弊.因此答案为F

eyebrows

B段倒数第4句

B段倒数第四句提到one of MIT’S robots is...and has two eyes...andeyebrows.因此答案B

Question 7-13 Summary from Reading Passage

summary参考解题思路: 先跳开空格把该段通读一遍, 了解大意, 发现总体是按照文章段落顺序概括的. (如有所遗忘, 再看原文各段段首句, 大概知道各句在文章的相应段落)

解析: 第1句和第2句对应文章A段, 根据after a period of 7___in the making定位该段第3句, 答案为17 years. 然后根据文章倒数第四句its action are...controlled by scientists through...in its backpack.可以判断8答案为backpack. 该题第3, 4句对应文章B段, MIT is inventing robots...with the ability to 8___humans定位该段第2句behave like humans and interact with humans.可以判断9答案为interact with. 根据Kismet ...has various...by human interlocutors定位原文倒数第2句human interlocutors are able to read some of the robots’ facial expressions得出10答案为facial expressions. 第5,6句对应原文C段, robot from MIT，proportion定位该段第1, 2句得出11答案为Cog/cognition. 最后根据该段最后一句getting a robot to develop intelligence via sensors判断12答案为sensors, 13 答案为intelligence.

参考翻译：

是人还是机器

在2003年7月，曼彻斯特的剑桥博物馆陈列了Honda称之为“世界最先进的人性机器人”：ASIMO (即“创新移动的进步之举)。Honda的智力产物正在北美巡回展示，所过之处，总能令现众开心不已。17年的辛苦制作，ASIMO高4英尺，重115磅，以小孩的形态穿着宇航服。在远距离看不清ASIMO,近距离下ASIMO面带微笑，两个大眼睛包含着摄像头。它不能自己行走，得由科学家通过机器人背包上的电脑远程控制。观察ASIMO在曼彻斯特的表演，很令人惊讶，它具有人性的特征。ASIMO走来走去的时候，上下楼梯的时候，现众总是爆发出喝彩声。展示过后，许多人跟我说，他们喜欢机器人在日常生活中起更大的作用——有人甚至说：机器人就像是人一样。

日本人大踏步地解决人类动力学和两足动物移动的工程问題。与此同时，近十年来，MIT的前人工智能实验室AI(现在重新命名为电脑科学人工智能实验室CSAIL)—直致力于研制能够类似于人类，同时能与人互动的机器人。Kismet是MIT的拟人机器人，有一个像人一样的头，有两只眼睛(也有眼睑)，耳朵，嘴巴，眉毛。它可以做好些面部表情，比如开心，悲伤，惊恐，讨厌。与之对话，我们可以获得机器人的些许面部表情，从而改换面对机器人的态度。比如说：当机器人表现出“悲伤”的时候，就与机器人玩耍.Kismet如今位于MIT的博物馆，但这里发展的理念将继续在新的机器人身上被探索。

COG(认知cognition的缩写)是另外一个前MIT智能实验室的先驱项目。有头，两条胳膊，手臂和躯干，其比例最早是由实验室研究员的身体测量而来的。COG被用来检测机器人学的体现和发展，特别是通过传感器去发展智力反应周边环境方面，以及通过互动类型学习方面。

在创造类人互动机器人方面，MIT无疑走得最远。有些科学家争辩道：ASIMO是一个伟大的工程，但并不算是智力机器。因为它不能自动以有意义的方式与未知情况互动，也不能从经验中学习。COG和Kismet,以及在MIT的CSAIL媒体实验室的新机器人却是可以自发学习的。

这些都是令人激动的进展。创造一个机器，能走，能做手势，能从环境中学习，这是了不起的成就。看看这种发展空间吧：这些现有成就都还能够很快地加以改进。类人机器人能在社会上具有广泛的用途：把人们从日常琐事中解放出来。举个例子：在日本，人们想创造出精密的机器人，能够与正常人做一样的工作，比如说消防队员，宇航员，工作地点和家中医护助手，以便于部分地抵消老龄化的影响。

这些机器人证明了我们看待人性的方式，它们也表现出了我们人类中最好的和最差的方面。一方面，这些发展表达了人类创新性，也就是我们有能力去发明，实验，和延长对世界的控制。另一方面，创造类人机器人的目标被去个性化的理念所刺激。人类友情将让路于机器。当人类与技术互动时，人类失去了人性。或者说，我们人类不过是表面和楼式行为而己，能够被钢铁和电路所取代。

参考答案：

Version 17203主题仿生小机器人

17 years

backpack

interact with

facial expressions

Cog/Cognition

sensors

intelligence