托福阅读复杂句式从句实例分析

托福阅读句子中有许多复杂句式长难句，无法及时准确地看懂理解它们会对答题造成较大影响，也是考生需要解决的一个难题。今天小编给大家带来了托福阅读复杂句式从句实例分析，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

【高分技巧】托福阅读复杂句式从句实例分析

托福阅读复杂句式实例分析

例1

Scientists felt that they could get an idea of how long the extinctions took by determining how long it took to deposit this one centimeter of clay and they thought they could determine the time it took to deposit the clay by determining the amount of the element iridium (Ir) it contained.

句子成分分析：Scientists 做主语，felt 谓语动词，that从句做宾语。and并列连接词，and 后面的they 代指scientists. 整个句子是由and 连接的并列句。

例子翻译：科学家们感到他们通过确定一厘米厚的粘土的沉积时间可以能够知道灭绝的时间，并且科学家们认为沉积粘土的时间可以通过确定粘土中含lr这种元素的量来获得。

下面简单介绍下宾语从句。

宾语从句，简单来说就是做宾语的成分不是词或短语，而是一个句子，这个句子叫宾语从句。这个句子可以做动词的宾语也可以做介词的宾语。从句前还得有连接词来连接。我们熟悉的连词that、what可以充当连接词。举例来说明：

(1)动词的宾语从句

He told me that I had to attend the meeting.

他告诉我，我必须出席会议。

(2)介词的宾语从句

The boss was satisfied with what the young man did.

老板对那个年轻人干的工作很满意。

例2

Hearing the stories may lead preschoolers to encode aspects of events that allow them to form memories they can access as adults.

托福阅读文章句子成分分析：Hearing the stories，动名词做主语，may lead 做谓语动词，that 定语从句修饰events，同时that在从句中做主语，them 指代preschoolers.最后they can access as adults.实际上是they 前面省略了that，因为that 在从句中做宾语(如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中做宾语，通常把关系代词省略掉)。省略关系代词的例句：X is a good skirt (that )I have always wanted to buy.

托福阅读例子翻译：听故事可能使学龄前儿童编码事件，这些事件允许他们形成记忆，这些记忆在他们成年的时候能够提取出来。

下面就定语从句简单说一些。

托福阅读高分策略提到所谓的定语从句，就是作定语的成分由词变成了句子。这个句子叫做定语从句。定语从句有两种，一种是这个从句对所修饰的词很重要，不能省略这个句子，如果省略，整个句子的意思就会受到影响，这种定语从句叫做限制性定语从句。另一种，定语从句被去掉，对整个句子的理解不会受到很大影响，句子的意思还是清楚并完整的。它起到了附加说明的作用。通常定语从句和前面的句子用逗号隔开。下面我们给两个例子大家自已体会一下：

Do you know the girl who is speaking with Mr. Wang?

Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a modern city.

例3

It is significant that the earliest living thing that built communities on these islands are examples of symbiosis, a phenomenon that depends upon the close cooperation of two or more forms of life and a principle that is very important in island communities.

句子成分分析：it 做形式主语，that 从句做真正的主语，第二个that 引导的从句做定语从句修饰the earliest living thing , 同时that 在从句中做主语，逗号后面a phenomenon 是解释symbiosis 的，that 从句修饰 phenomenon ,同时that 做主语，and 并列连词，连接 a phenomenon 和a principle , 最后一个that 是修饰 a principle，同时 that 从句的主语。

例子翻译：在这些岛屿上建立群落的最早生物体是共生关系的例子，这件事是很重要的。共生关系是一种现象 ，这种现象依赖两个或多个生命形式的密切合作，同时共生关系也是一种原则，是在岛屿群落中很重要的原则。

托福阅读材料：大苹果

大苹果 纽约

纽约，世界最大的城市，在这里，摩天大厦林立，有著名的第五大道(Fifth Avenue俗称第五街)、对世界经济极具影响力的华尔街Wall Street，以及艺术家们响往的格林威治村Greenwich Village。

帝国大厦 Empire State Building

长时期来象征著纽约摩天大楼的高达102层超高层大厦。顶层高度达1，250英尺(381公尺)。在第86楼上有一展望台，气候晴朗时，可以眺望周围50英里以内的景色。【托福阅读】

洛克斐勒中心 Rockefeller Center

呈现美国典型的一面，在都市建筑学方面也颇饶兴趣的商业与娱乐中心。自第49街与第50街之间，通过第五街的Promenade Gardens内，四季花草茂盛，美丽如图画，公园四周是具有代表性意义的大厦，诸如PCA Building、Radio City Music Hall,Center Theatre等。NBC与ABC的制作室就是RCA大厦的第70楼。【托福阅读】

自由女神 Statue of Liberty

世界著名的自由女神像，位于纽约湾的利勃坦岛上，像高约46公尺。自由女神像内部中空，可搭电梯直达神像头部。此外，还有新设的移民博物馆Immigration Museum。

联合国 the United Nations

纽约的历史系由曼顿产生，而现代世界史则与联合国密切相关。自第42街起直到第48街上，在广达18英亩的地基上，就兴建着著名的联合国大厦。联合国容许观光客依到达先后次序入内参观会议情形。

中国城 Chinatown

中国城已具有百年以上的历史，城内居住的华裔第二代约有六千人。中国城位于ChathamSquare的西边一部份，城中主要街道为Mott。城内有中国博物馆。大都会美术馆The Metropolitan Museum of Art乃是世界最大美术馆之一。自由代东方到现代，有关美术史的重要事项，一一呈现眼前。内中有一美国馆，可由馆中陈列品窥知初期美国人的生活状况。【托福阅读】

华尔街 Wall Street

是全球金融中心。世界最大的银行大厦，除了大通银行之外，纽约股票交易所，美国股票交易所，以及收藏1789年华盛顿就任美国第一任总统时的史迹的国立纪念馆、联邦厅等，都在这条街上。

太空城

休士顿

休士顿是美国的第五大都市，人类第一次登上月球的阿波罗飞船11号就在这里升空，因而使它也成为全球闻名的城镇。这一城镇是在1836年当德克萨斯州自墨西哥获得独立时，随之而诞生。

通往墨西哥湾的休士顿港，是美国第三大港，在那里出口的棉花和石油产品，其数量占全美第一位。

自从美国国家航空太空总署NASA在近郊设置太空中心以来，休士顿正在继续不断地急速发展。

阿斯托洛圆顶运动场 Astrodome

耗资3，100万美元，于1965年兴建完成的这一运动场是目前世界上最大的一座室内运动场，内部装有冷暖气设备。棒球、足球、骞马，以至于马戏团表演，都可以在室内进行。紧邻的Astro World是一个规模极大的娱乐中心，游客可以观赏欧洲各种村落的景色，也能够欣赏各类表演。

圣哈新托古战场 San Jacinto Battle field

1836年，休士顿将军为了争取德州独立，率军与墨军激战的地方。现在已成为州立公园，纪念塔高达174公尺，可乘电梯登上塔项。塔下是历史博物馆。距休士顿市约26公里。

美国航空太空总署太空飞行中心 NASA Manned Spacecraft

因阿波罗11号在此升空而全球闻名。美国国家航空太空总署NASA于1961年设立于休士顿东南方45公里处的克利阿湖畔。附近有General Electric 和International Business Machines等重要的电子工业企业，是名符其实的航空太空科学中心。

展览馆Exhibit Hall的一号馆中，陈列着太空飞行员使用的器具、太空食物、太空船模型、月球上采集的岩石，对一般观光客公开。

太空飞行中心内部极为辽阔，可在进入中心的问讯处索取地图，备作参考。太空中心内也有礼品店，出售太空船模型、月球石头模型，以及阿波罗帽等。

托福考试阅读材料专题训练

【Introduction】

根据一份今在「英国医学杂志」刊出的报告指出，母乳虽然含有丰富营养，但长期吃母奶无助於降低幼儿罹患气喘和过敏症状风险。

【Section One】Article

The benefits of breast-feeding are many and varied. Studies suggest that breast-fed kids are smarter, taller, thinner, healthier and less stressed than babies on bottles. Plus, breast-feeding helps moms bond with their babies and may even lower their blood pressure. So, is there anything breast milk can‘t do? Apparently, yes, according to a new study published Tuesday by BMJ Online: It doesn‘t offer infants much defense against asthma or allergies.

That‘s a question researchers have long debated. Until now, the evidence has been mixed: Some studies have suggested that exclusive, prolonged breast-feeding helps stave off asthma and allergies later in life; other studies have shown no protection, or even an increased risk. But most of the available data has come from observational studies. The new BMJ paper, in contrast, was a large, long-term randomized trial that involved more than 17,000 breast-feeding women and babies, 13,889 of whom were tracked until age 6 1/2. Researchers recruited the moms in maternity hospitals and clinics in Belarus. About half of them — those who had already begun breast-feeding — were encouraged to continue breast-feeding exclusively; the control group got no such extra urging.

Researchers report that women in the intervention group breast-fed significantly longer than women in the control group: at three months, 73% of the intervention group was breast-feeding, compared with 60% of the control group, and the number of women breast-feeding exclusively was seven times higher. By a year after birth, rates of breast-feeding had dropped across the board; but still, 20% of the intervention group was breast-feeding versus 11% of the controls.

In general, about 10% of the children had ever suffered wheezing in their lives, though less than 1.5% had had full-blown asthma. Roughly 3% to 5% had had hay fever, and about 1% had suffered bouts of eczema. Researchers also performed skin-prick tests on the children; again, there was no significant difference between incidence of allergy — to dust mites, cats, pollen, grass and Alternaria, a common fungus — between the groups. In the breast-fed group, about 9% were allergic to pollen and Alternaria, 12% to cats and grass and 15% to dust mites. Absolute rates of all allergies were slightly lower in the control group, but the variations weren‘t statistically relevant.

The BMJ study is "to our knowledge.. the largest randomized trial ever done in the area of human lactation," write the study‘s authors. But it‘s not likely to be the last. Science will continue to debate the discrete pros and cons of breast-feeding, but doctors unanimously agree that breast, in general, is best for babies‘ health, growth and development. Mothers should breast-feed newborns for at least 12 months — and exclusively for at least 6 months — according to American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines.

【Section Two】Vocabulary

limiting or limited to possession, control, or use by a single individual or group

extend the duration of.

to fend off, to ward off

enlist (someone) in the armed forces.

the period during pregnancy and shortly after childbirth

action taken to improve a medical disorder.

so as to include or affect all classes or categories

to maintain contact with (a person) so as to monitor the effects of earlier activities or treatments

a set of printed questions, usually with a choice of answers, devised for a survey or statistical study.

10. wheeze

breathe with a whistling or rattling sound in the chest, as a result of obstruction in the air passages. (of a device) make an irregular rattling or spluttering sound.

possessing or exhibiting all the usual or necessary features or symptoms

12. bout

a short period of intense activity.

13. eczema

a medical condition in which patches of skin become rough and inflamed with blisters which cause itching and bleeding.

14. prick

press briefly or puncture with a sharp point.

15. mite

a minute arachnid with four pairs of legs, several kinds of which are parasitic.

16. pollen

a powdery substance discharged from the male part of a flower, each microscopic grain containing a male gamete that can fertilize the female ovule.

is a genus of ascomycete fungi. Alternaria species are known as major plant pathogens. They are also common allergens in humans, growing indoors and causing hay fever or hypersensitivity reactions that sometimes lead to asthma. They readily cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised people such as AIDS patients.

18. fungus

any of a large group of spore-producing organisms which feed on organic matter and include moulds, yeast, mushrooms, and toadstools.

a disadvantage of or argument against something.

fully in agreement.

a branch of medicine dealing with the development, care, and diseases of children

the secretion of milk by the mammary glands.

an acute allergic reaction to pollen that is usually seasonal and is marked by sneezing, nasal discharge and congestion, and itching and watering of the eyes

【Section Three】Homework

1. Please translate the blue sentence into Chinese.

When the infants were about 6 1/2 years old, researchers followed up with standard questionnaires about asthma, hay fever and eczema. Rates of each condition were similar in both groups.

2. What is the main idear of this Article?

3. What is the main reason that the author is confident with the conclusion of the study?

4. Which word is the "best" synonym of "recruit" here ?

A. recover B. renovate C. refresh D. draft E. enroll

5. Which kinds of allergies are described in the article?

参考答案：

1. 当小婴儿六岁半时，研究员以一致的问卷来追踪哮喘、花粉病和湿疹。两组各项过敏的比例都很接近。

2. Although breast-feeding has many advantages, it doesn‘t offer infants much defense against asthma or allergies.

3. The conclusion is drawn from the largest randomized trial ever done in the area of human lactation.

4. E

5. asthma, hay fever and eczema