欢迎访问安卓范文网!

托福考试改革后阅读基础入门常识介绍

范文百科 分享 时间: 加入收藏 我要投稿 点赞

托福考试的改革相信大家都知道了,而无论是题目数量的调整还是题型方面的变化想必大家都很关心,今天小编给大家带来了托福考试改革后阅读部分基础入门常识介绍,希望可以帮助到大家,下面小编就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。

托福考试改革后阅读部分基础入门常识介绍

托福考试改革后阅读基础知识:阅读考试的量化指标

新托福阅读考试分为无阅读加试和有阅读加试两种。

无阅读加试的情况下,共有3篇文章,总计考试时间为54分钟,每篇文章的平均答题时间为18分钟,考生可以自由分配3篇文章的阅读和解题时间。

有阅读加试的情况下,在已有的3篇文章及54分钟答题时间的基础上,再加1篇文章,共计72分钟,加试期间的文章的考试时间依然可以自由分配。

无论加试与否,每篇文章均为10道题目,各篇长度为700词左右。需要注意的是一旦完成了一个部分的考试便可。

托福考试改革后阅读基础知识:阅读文章出处以及选材范围

作为一项语言能力测试,托福考试是考查考生能否具备足够的语言交流能力,以期在北美完成正常的学习任务和研究工作。因此,其阅读文章原型大都选自美国大学本科生使用的教材,以达到最佳的模拟测试效果。从选材范围可见:托福阅读的文章内容对考生知识存储量的广度有一定的要求,但同时考虑到考生来自于不同的专业,对于其他学科往往不具备专业素质,因此为了遵守考试公平性原则,文章均不对其所述及的学科做过多深入的探讨。

托福考试改革后阅读基础知识:阅读文章类型及篇章段落结构

根据托福阅读文章的出处及选材范围,我们可以将这些文章归为三类:说明文、议论文、史实文。三者合一统称为:学术性文章。这种类型的文章,必须具备说理性特质,即行文逻辑大都遵循着相对固定的结构模式。

一句话:托福文章的篇章结构有规律可寻,段落组成有原则可守。

托福阅读材料之关于奥运会年龄

不知大家在备考托福阅读时,有没有关注托福阅读文章中的内容材料。大家回忆一下,托福阅读文章,包含的内容广阔,许多内容考生都是没有接触过的。如果考生提前对这些内容有所了解,那么做题一定会更顺畅。所以,考生备考托福阅读时,也不要忘了对托福阅读材料的备考。下面,我们为大家提供了关于奥运年龄的托福阅读材料。

In the past 3 summer Olympic Games, only 64 of the 1,707 athletes of team USA have been over the age of 40. The Washington Post created a data visualization of average age ranges for Olympic sports, including an interactive tool to see if you’d be too old to compete.过去三届的夏季奥运会的1707名美国运动员中,仅有64名超过了40岁。《华盛顿邮报》对奥运运动员们的年龄进行了一项数据调查,使用了一个交互工具来统计年龄过大是否不适合竞技比赛。

As presented, athlete ages range from 15 for female gymnasts to nearly 60 for male sailors.根据调查结果,奥运最年轻的运动员是年仅15岁的体操女孩,而年龄最大的是年近60岁的划艇男运动员。

In a recent Washington Post profile on 45-year-old female swimmer Dana Torres, she discusses the effects of age on the body, and how she works to overcome these obstacles. Although muscles deteriorate and recovery becomes slower, Torres believes that age is on her side. Since age comes with experience, the twelve-time Olympic medalist is more mentally prepared for the Games than any other female swimmer.在《华盛顿邮报》最近对于45岁的女游泳运动员Dana Torres的介绍中,文章探讨了年龄对身体的影响以及她如何克服这些障碍的。尽管肌体素质降低,肌肉复原率减慢,年龄对于她而言仍是很大的助力。因为流逝的岁月化为了经历,从而帮助这位12度奥运摘牌的选手比其他女性运动员具有更多的大赛经验。

However, with sports such as gymnastics that require more flexibility than sheer force and power, younger bodies have a far greater advantage. Youth is so beneficial in gymnastics that a minimum age requirement of 16 was implemented to protect athletes with developing bodies from serious injuries.然而,像体操一样的运动,比起直接的冲劲和力量,更需要好的灵活性。年轻的躯体在这方面具有更好的优势,而且16岁的年龄更适合体操这样的运动,因为它能保护身体免受严重的伤害。

A recent Wired article provides an explanation for these aberrations: people age at different rates and, although younger athletes are generally stronger and more flexible, people age at different rates, allowing some athletes to remain competitive – despite the ticking clock.最近Wired 杂志的一篇文章为这些差异性做出了解释。人们老化的频率是不同的。尽管年轻的运动员更强壮灵活,但正是因为人们的老化频率不同,因此某些运动员尽管上了年纪仍具有很强的竞争力。

托福阅读材料:里约奥运会迎28天倒计时

1. 场馆设施的准备情况如何?

里约奥林匹克公司透露,里约热内卢奥林匹克公园设施几乎已经准备好了,目前工程建设工作的98%已经完成,里约市政府已将工作重心转向奥运会期间城市运作上。然而,当地时间4月21日上午,里约热内卢一座新落成的自行车专用道桥面发生垮塌。事故已造成两人死亡, 这让人们对场馆质量感到担忧。国际奥委会IOC表示,里约将迎来最后也是最大的一个考验,即各场馆的测试阶段。

Organizers say sports facilities are 98% complete overall with only the velodrome running late. In a recent press release, the IOC said 70% of Rio residents were in favor of hosting the mega-event, showing that "local citizens see the Games as a positive element in the development of their city and country."Despite the encouraging progress of preparations, the IOC"s coordination commission warned that the most testing part of Rio"s Olympic build-up was yet to come.

为此,巴西体育大臣 Ricardo Leyser在接受法新社专访时,给出了官方的解释:

AFP:What"s left to do?

里约奥运的准备工作还剩那些?

Ricardo Leyser: We need (operational) integration of the stadiums. There"s the security operation, transport, a very complex TV operation -- all this is happening at the same time and what we need to do now is coordinate every detail.

接下来,我们还需要进行各场馆的整合,这其中包括了安保,交通,电视设备运行等,因此我们需要对每一个细节进行协作完成。

2. 瓜纳巴拉湾的污染治理得怎样了?

近年来,以风景优美著称的瓜纳巴拉湾饱受垃圾、污水问题的困扰,2016年奥运会的前期筹备工作也曾浪费了一个清理城市污染水道的机会。但四月初,国际奥委会官员曾表示,瓜纳巴拉湾的水质已可以达到奥运会帆船比赛标准。与此同时,人们也对罗德里戈—德弗雷塔斯湖的水质表示担忧,本届奥运会的皮划艇和赛艇比赛将在这里举行。

Earlier this month IOC chief Thomas Bach guaranteed the Games would be safe for sailing events despite concerns about water quality in Rio"s Guanabara Bay.Concerns have also been raised about water quality at the Rodrigo de Freitas lake, which will host rowing and canoeing events. The government said a cleanup operation of the lake had ensured it will meet international standards for the events.

为此,巴西体育大臣 Ricardo Leyser在接受法新社专访时,给出了官方的解释:

AFP: The Bay of Guanabara where the sailing and windsurfing events will take place remains terribly polluted. Can you say that"s ready?

奥运帆船比赛将在瓜纳巴拉湾举行,但这里的污染却仍旧十分严重,难道这就是所谓的“准备好啦”?

Ricardo Leyser: This was a great, but lost opportunity (to clean the bay). The Rio state government failed to meet its goal. We"re at about 50 percent on treatment (of raw sewage entering the bay) and we"d hoped for 80 percent. But a lot of work was done to raise it from 10 percent and that means it"s still a significant result.

我们曾经的设想是美好的,但错失了清理瓜纳巴拉湾的良机,里约政府并没能够实现这一目标。目前,我们已治理了大约百分之五十的污水,我们希望未来这个数值能达到百分之八十。然而此前,我们的治理污水数量仅有百分之十,因此我们已取到了很大的成就了。

3. 是否会有恐袭威胁?

巴西政府表示将派出3万8千名的武装部队来保证里约奥运期间的安全,与此同时还有4万8千名警察与消防员。这样的规模将是伦敦奥运会期间安保力量的两倍之多。巴西当局也在去年底表示,他们已与国际情报机构合作,将协同清除里约奥运期间的恐怖袭击威胁。

The government has said it will deploy some 38,000 armed forces during the Games, backed up by 48,000 police and firefighters. The security operation is about twice the size of that used for the London Games in 2012. Late last year the government announced it was liaising with international intelligence agencies to quell the threat of terrorist attacks during the Games.

4. 政经危机是否造成影响?

The screenshot shows the main page of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff"s Weibo account.

巴西去年经济萎缩3.8%,是1990年以来的最差。另外,巴西总统罗塞夫正面临着弹劾危机,8月5日,谁将以国家元首的身份宣布里约奥运会开幕仍是一个谜。 体育大臣Ricardo Leyser却表示: 对于奥运的准备来看,目前的政治危机根本不会对其造成影响。我们对奥运最主要的投入已经完成,目前正解决余下的细节问题。我们对奥运会的筹备工作真的很棒,因此我们不会因为一次政治决策而受到什么大的影响。

Sports Minister Ricardo Leyser:“From the point of view of preparing the Games, the crisis has no effect at all. The main expenses have been met and now we are starting to deal with thousands of smaller issues.Our planning and execution plan was truly very good.... We don"t need to take a single strategic decision now, so no, there is no significant impact and that puts me at ease.”




221381
领取福利

微信扫码领取福利

微信扫码分享