雅思阅读14类题型解题技巧之配对题

Matching(搭配题)是IELTS 最常考的题型之一，每次考试至少有一组，下面小编给大家带来了雅思阅读14类题型解题技巧--Matching(配对题)3种)，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

雅思阅读14类题型解题技巧--Matching(配对题)3种

1.MATCHING(作者及其观点搭配题)

1. 题型要求

在原文中，就一个主题，若干人或组织提出了若干个观点，题目要求将观点与其提出者(作者)搭配。

这种题型一般比较难，主要表示现在：

没有顺序性，即题目的顺序与原文的顺序是不一致的。

文章题材多样，有的比较偏。作者提出的观点一般比较抽象，不好理解。

文章句式复杂。一般句子都比较长，有很多都是复合句、并列复合句、多重复合句，造成大家理解上的困难。

考试中，A类一般考得比较多，考一组，共五题左右。G类一般考得比较少。

1. 解题步骤

(1) 在原文中将作者及其观点用线划出。

作者都包含大写字母，有的还有年代，表明是什么时候提出来的观点，所以一般都比较好找。他的观点在他的名字之前或者之后。表述观点一般有两种方法：

A. 观点在作者的名字之前;

例如：In terms of time, women perform approximately 90 per cent of child care tasks and 70 per cent of all family work and only 14 per cent of fathers are highly participatant in terms of time spent on family work(Russell 1983)

B. 观点在作者的名字之后;例如：

Demo and Acock(1993) in a recent study, also found that women continue to perform a constant and major proportion of household lab across all family types.

(2) 看题目的第一个观点，最好读懂它的意思，或者找出其中几个关键词。

做这种题型，应该一道题一道题的做。先看题目的第一个观点，最好能读懂它的意思。否则，找出其中的几个关键词。

(3) 将此观点与原文划线处一一对应。意思相同的或关键词对应上的即为答案。

答案确定后，在原文观点处写上此题的题号。原文的每个观点只能与一个题目相对应，所以将已经与某题目对应的观点做上标记，在做其它题目时，就不用看这个观点了。

(4) 依此方法做其它题目。

NOTICE:

1. 每个题目只能选一个选项。每个题目只能和原文的一个观点对应，而该观点肯定是由一个人或组织提出来的。

2. 有些选项可能会用两次以上。在原文中，可能会有作者提出两个或更多的观点，而这些观点都出现在题目中。所以，有些选项可能会用两次以上。

雅思

3. 有些选项可能用不上。有的作者虽然在原文中提出了观点，但这些观点没有出现在题目中，所以有些选项可能会用不上。

4. 第一题往往对应文章的后几个观点，最后一题往往对应文章的前几个观点。出题者为了颠倒黑白，混淆是非，考生造成障碍，第一题往往对应文章的后几个观点，最后一题往往对应文章的前几个观点。这个规律的准确率在80%以上。

我们可以利用这个规律，在找第一题的答案时，重点看文章的后几个观点。在找最后一题的答案时，重点看文章的前几个观点。

2.Matching(从属关系搭配题)

1. 题型要求

本节主要介绍从属关系搭配题。从属关系搭配题是搭配题中最常靠的类型。选项中的元素和题目中的元素是从属的关系，要求根据原文，将每个题目与相应的选项搭配。请看下面中文阅读例子：

雅思

原文：介绍中国四个直辖市的情况。(略)

题目要求：将直辖市的特征与相应的城市搭配。

选项：A 北京市 B 上海市 C 天津市 D 重庆市

题目：1 狗不里包子 2 黄浦大桥 3 天安门 4 十八街麻花

答案：1 C 2 B 3 A 4 C

考试中，A类和G类一般都是每次必考，考两组，共十题左右。有时也考一或三组。

2. 解题步骤

(1) 仔细阅读题目要求，搞清选项和题目之间的关系。

虽然都是从属关系，但也有很大的不同。有的是汽车制造公司和它们的设计特点，有的是俱乐部和它们举办的活动等等。所以在做题前一定要仔细阅读题目要求，搞清选项和题目之间的关系。

(2) 先把题目从头到尾看一遍，尽可能多记些关键词。

做这种题，通读一遍原文一般是不可避免的，但最好只读一遍原文。能做到这点的前提是：在读原文之前，先把题目从头到尾看一遍，记住尽可能多的题目中关键词。这样，在读文章时，就知道要找什么东东。这一步是做这种题型的关键，否则，就会造成反复地读原文，浪费时间。

(3)从头到尾快速阅读原文，遇到所记住的关键词或其对应词，当即解答该题。

从头到尾依顺序快速阅读原文，在阅读原文时，注意寻找所记住的题目中的关键词，如果关键词是专用名词或很生僻的词，一般在原文中出现的就是该词本身，否则会有同义词或同义表述的对应。所以即使记不住，在阅读原文时，可以采用边读文章边看选项的方法。

选项常常是一些专用名词，包含大写字母。这时，在阅读原文时，应特别注意包含大写字母的地方，注意其前后的词是否与所记住的关键词相同或相对应。

在阅读原文是，要特别注意原文中一些有特别标记的词，如反复出现的词、括好里的词、引号里的词、黑体字、斜体字，这些词常常是题目中的关键词或其改写。

因为在读原文之前，已把题目从头到尾看了一遍，所以最好只读一遍文章就能做出绝大多数的题目。比如一组6个题目，能找到4-5个。

(4)解答没有匹配上的题目。

由于有的关键词没有记住，或者有的与原文没有对应上。读完一遍文章后，有的题目没有找出来。比如一组6个题目，1-2个没能找到。这已是很不错的表现了。对于这1-2个题目，可以有如下的解决办法：

A) 如果没有印象在文章的某个部位，阅读原文的该部分，确定答案。

B) 如果没有一点感觉，但时间比较充裕，再快速读一遍原文，寻找这几个题的答案。

C) 如果没有一点感觉，而且时间比较紧张，可以放弃。

NOTICE

1. 大多数情况下，每个题目只能选一个选项。除非题目有提示：Note, for some questions you will need to write more than one letter.若没有

有类似要求，应该是每个题目只能选一个选项。

2. 有些选项可能会用两次以上。绝大多数的搭配题，有些选项可能用两次以上;在搭配题中，这是普遍存在的现象。

3. 有的选项可能用不上。在搭配题中，并不是所有的选项都会用上，这也是普遍存在的现象。不要因为这个怀疑自己的答案。

4. 第一题的答案往往在文章的后部，最后一题的答案往往在文章的前部。从属关系的搭配题是没有顺序性的。

5. 注意题目的答案要求

要注意题目要求你在答题纸上写什么。如题目要求为：

Write the letters for the appropriate company in boxes 9-14 on your answer sheet.

SC if it is Scaled Composites

R if it is Renault

GM if it is General Motors

F if it is Fiat

B if it is Boeing

那么，你在答题纸上写的答案只能是SC、R、GM、F、B中的一个。如果写成Scaled Conposites就错了。

3.Matching(因果关系搭配)

1.题型要求

同从属关系搭配题一样，也有一个选项的集合一个题目的集合。题目是一些(effects)或问题(problems)，选项是原因(causes)。所以这种题目实际上是找原因。

与从属关系搭配题不同，因果关系搭配题有顺序性，而且题目在原文中的出处常常集中于几个连续的段落。所以，一般这种题型比从属关系搭配题要容易一些。

考试中，A类和G类都不是每次必考。

2.解题步骤

(1) 不用先把题目从头到尾看一遍，而应该一道题一道题地做。

既然有顺序性，就没有必要先把题目从头到尾看一遍，而是先从第一段做起，先找第一题的答案。找到后，再找第二题的答案，第二题的答案肯定在第一题的答案之后。

(2) 先找出题目中的关键词，再到原文中去找它的对应词。

(3) 仔细阅读关键词所在的句子，确定正确答案。因为是因果关系搭配，在确定答案时，要对表示因果关系的词特别敏感，搞清句子中描述的因果关系。

NOTICE

1. 做题时，要特别注意原文中表示因果关系的词。

我们把考试中经常出现的表示因果关系的词给大家总结一下：

A. 连词：Because, since, as, for, therefore, so, thus, why;

B. 动词：result in, result from, follow from, base...on..., be due to;

C. 名词：basis, result, consequence, reason;

D. 介词： because of，thanks to;

E. 副词： as a result, consequently.

在文中寻找答案时，要特别注意上述表示因果关系的词。同时，掌握这些词，对大家写作也有好处。

2. 要注意一因多果

在因果关系搭配题中，有的选项也可能会用两次以上，即有两个结果是同一个原因，我们称之为一因多果。原文中的表述常常是这样的：原因A，结果1。结果2。在两个结果之间没有说出新的原因，这说明结果1和结果2的原因是一样的，都是结果A。

雅思阅读机经真题解析-Travel Accounts

Travel Accounts

You should spend about 20 minutes on Question 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage below.

A There are many reasons why individuals have traveled beyond their own societies. Some travelers may have simply desired to satisfy curiosity about the larger world. Until recent times, however, trade, business dealings, diplomacy, political administration, military campaigns, exile, flight from persecution, migration, pilgrimage, missionary efforts, and the quest for economic or educational opportunities were more common inducements for foreign travel than was mere curiosity. While the travelers' accounts give much valuable information on these foreign lands and provide a window for the understanding of the local cultures and histories, they arc also a mirror to the travelers themselves, for these accounts help them to have a better understanding of themselves.

B Records of foreign travel appeared soon after the invention of writing, and fragmentary travel accounts appeared in both Mesopotamia and Egypt in ancient times. After the formation of large, imperial states in the classical world, travel accounts emerged as a prominent literary genre in many lands, and they held especially strong appeal for rulers desiring useful knowledge about their realms. The Greek historian Herodotus reported on his travels in Egypt and Anatolia in researching the history of the Persian wars. The Chinese envoy Zhang Qian described much of central Asia as far west as Bacteria (modern-day Afghanistan) on the basis of travels undertaken in the first century BC while searching for allies for the Han dynasty. Hellenistic and Roman geographers such as Ptolemy, Strabo, and Pliny the Elder relied on their own travels through much of the Mediterranean world as well as reports of other travelers to compile vast compendia of geographical knowledge.

C During the postclassical era(about 500 to 1500 CE), trade and pilgrimage emerged as major incentives for travel to foreign lands. Muslim merchants sought trading opportunities throughout much of the eastern hemisphere. They described lands, peoples, and commercial products of the Indian Ocean basin from east Africa to Indonesia, and they supplied the first written accounts of societies in sub-Saharan west Africa. While merchants set out in search of trade and profit, devout Muslims traveled as pilgrims to Mecca to make their hajj and visit the holy sites of Islam. Since the prophet Muhammad's original pilgrimage to Mecca, untold millions of Muslims have followed his example, and thousands of hajj accounts have related their experiences One of the best known Muslim travelers. Ibn Battuta, began his travels with the hajj but then went on to visit central Asia, India, China, sub-Saharan Africa, and parts of Mediterranean Europe before returning finally to his home in Morocco Fast Asian traveler; were not quite so prominent as Muslims during the postclaaical era, but they too followed many of the highway.and sea lanes of the eastern hemisphere. Chinese merchants frequently visited southeast Asia and India, occasionally venturing even to east Africa, and devout Fast Asian Buddhists undertook distant pilgrimages Between the 5th and 9th centuries CE, hundreds and possibly even thousands of Chinese Buddhists traveled to India to study with Buddhist teachers, collect sacred texts, and visit holy sites. Written accounts recorded the experiences of many pilgrims, such as Faxian, Xuanzang, and Yijing. Though not so numerous as the Chinese pilgrims, Buddhists from Japan. Korea, and other lands also ventured abroad in the interests of spiritual enlightenment.

D Medieval Europeans did not hit the roads in such large numbers as their Muslim and east Asian counterparts during the early part of the postclassical era, although gradually increasing crowds of Christian pilgrims flowed to Jerusalem, Rome, Santiago de Compostela (in northern Spam), and other sites. After the 12th century, however, merchants, pilgrims, and missionaries from medieval Europe traveled widely and left numerous travel accounts, of which Marco Polo's description of his travels and sojourn in China is the best known. As they became familiar with the larger world of the eastern hemisphere and the profitable commercial opportunities that it offered - European peoples worked to find new and more direct routes to Asian and African markets Their efforts took them not only to all parts of the eastern hemisphere, but eventually to the Americas and Oceania as well.

E If Muslim and Chinese peoples dominated travel and travel writing in postclassical limes, European explorers, conquerors, merchants, and missionaries took center stage during the early modern era (about 1500 to 1800 CE). By no means did Muslim and Chinese travel come to a halt in early modem times But European peoples ventured to the distant corners of the globe, and European printing presses churned out thousands of travel accounts that described foreign lands and peoples for a reading public with an apparently insatiable appetite for news about the larger world. The volume of travel literature was so great that several editors, including Giambattista Ramusio, Richard Hakluyt, Theodore de Bry, and Samuel Purchas, assembled numerous travel accounts and made them available in enormous published collections.

F During the 19th century, European travelers made their way to the interior regions of Africa and the Americas, generating a fresh round of travel writing as they did so Meanwhile, European colonial administrators devoted numerous writings to the societies of their colonial subjects, particularly in Asian and African colonies they established. By midcentury, attention was flowing also in the other direction. Painfully aware of the military and technological prowess of European and Euro-American societies, Asian travelers in particular visited Europe and the United States in hopes of discovering principles useful for the reorganization of their own societies. Among the most prominent of these travelers who made extensive use of their overseas observations and experiences in their own writings were the Japanese reformer Fukuzawa Yukichi and the Chinese revolutionary Sun Yat-sen.

G With the development of inexpensive and reliable means of mass transport, the 20th century witnessed explosions both in the frequency of long-distance travel and in the volume of travel writing. While a great deal of travel took place for reasons of business, administration, diplomacy, pilgrimage, and missionary work, as in ages past, increasingly effective modes of mass transport made it possible for new kinds of travel to flourish. The most distinctive of them was mass tourism, which emerged as a major form of consumption for individuals living in the world's wealthy societies. Tourism enabled consumers to get away from home to see the sights in Rome, take a cruise through the Caribbean, walk the Great Wall of China, visit some wineries in Bordeaux, or go on safari in Kenya. A peculiar variant of the travel account arose to meet the needs of these tourists: the guidebook, which offered advice on food, lodging, shopping, local customs, and all the sights that visitors should not miss seeing. Tourism has had a massive economic impact throughout the world, but other new forms of travel have also had considerable influence in contemporary times. Recent times have seen unprecedented waves of migration, for example, and numerous migrants have sought to record their experiences and articulate their feelings about life in foreign lands. Recent times have also seen an unprecedented development of ethnic consciousness, and many are the intellectuals and writers in diaspora who have visited the homes of their ancestors to see how much of their forebears' values and cultural traditions they themselves have inherited. Particularly notable among their accounts are the memoirs of Malcolm X and Maya Angelou describing their visits to Africa.

Questions 28-35

Complete the table now.

Write No More Than Two Words from the Reading Passage 3 for each answer.

Write your answer in boxes 28-35 on your answer sheet.

TIME

DESTINATION

TRAVELER

PURPOSE

Classical era

Egypt and Anatolia

Herodotus

To obtain

information on

28

1st century BC

Central Asia

Zhang Qian

To seek29

Roman Empire

Mediterranean

Ptolemy, Strabo,

Pliny the Elder

To gather30

Post-classical era

Eastern

Hemisphere

Muslims

For business and

31

5thto 9,hcenturies

CE

India

Asian Buddhists

To study with

32and for spiritual enlightenment

Early modern era

Distant places of

the globe

The Europeans

To meet the

public's

expectation for the

outside

19thcentury

Asia, Africa

Colonial

administrator

To provide

information on the

33they

conquer

By the mid-century

of the 1800s

Europe and United

States

Sun Yat-scn,

Fukuzawa Yukichi

To learn34

for the reorganization of

their societies

20thcentury

Mass tourism

People from

35countries

For entertainment

Questions 36-40

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.

Write your answers in boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet

36 Why did some people travel in the early days?

A. to do research on themselves

B. to write travel books

C. to have a better understanding of other people and places

D. to study local culture

37 The travelers' accounts arc a mirror to themselves,

A. because they help them to be aware of local histories.

B. because travelers are curious about the world.

C. because travelers could do more research on the unknown.

D. because they reflect the writers' own experience and social life.

38 Most of the people who went to holy sites during the early part of postclassical era are

A. Europeans.

B. Muslim and East Asians.

C. Americans.

D. Greeks.

39 During the early modern era, a large number of travel books were published

A. to provide what the public wants.

B. to encourage the public's feedback.

C. to gain profit.

D. to prompt trips to the new world.

40 What stimulated the market for traveling in the 20th century

A. the wealthy

B. travel books

C. delicious food

D. mass transport

文章题目：Travel Accounts

篇章结构

体裁说明文

题目旅行游记

结构A段：概括人们旅行的多种原因以及旅行游记的作用

B段：古典社会时期大帝国形成后，游记成为一些地区著名的文学流派

C段：后古典主义时期，贸易和朝圣成为旅行的主要原因

D段：12世纪后，中世纪欧洲商人，传教士和朝圣者开始大规模游历并寻找更多商业机会

E段：近现代初期，欧洲人为旅行主导群体并出版大量游记

F段：19世纪，欧洲创作新一轮游记，并以其军事和科技实力吸引亚洲游客前去旅行学习

G段：20世纪新型旅游蓬勃发展，奇特旅行游记---旅游指南出现，同时，民族意识增强

试题分析

Question 28-35

题目类型：Complete the table below

题号定位词文中对应点题目解析

28Classical

HerodotusB段第3句这道题需要找出历史人物旅行的目的，那么只要对应到相应的人物，找出对人物的描述，就可以找到答案。Herodotus旅行的目的是in searching of the history of the Persian Wars.

所以答案是: Persian Wars

29Zhang QianB段第4句找出B段关于张骞的叙述就可以看出他旅行的目的，Zhang Qian described much of..... while searching for allies for the Han Dynasty

所以答案是: allies

30Roman Empire

Ptolemy, Strabo, Pliny the ElderB段最后一句这三个人物堆积在一起找出对应点还是相对明显的，这三个地理学家的目的是to compile vast compendia of geographical knowledge

所以答案是: geographical knowledge

31Post-classical

MuslimsC段第1句以及第4句C段第1句对后古典主义时期的旅游目的进行了总体概括，可以看出trade and pilgrimage; 后文对穆斯林的情况进行具体描述，第4句承上启下解释了除了经商之外，他们还有朝圣的目的

所以答案为： pilgrimage

325th to 9th centuries

Asian BuddhistsC段倒数第3句C段倒数第3句描述了公元5-9世纪之间，很多中国佛教徒前往印度向佛教高僧求教，收集经文，并拜访佛教圣地

因此答案为: Buddhist teachers

3319th

Colonial administratorF段第2句欧洲殖民主义者向其殖民地发放大量关于殖民地情况的游记

所以答案是：colonies

34Sun Yat-sen,

Fukuzawa YukichiF段最后两句最后两句说明了亚洲旅行者特别访问了欧洲和美国，希望发现适用于重组自己社会的有用准则，特别是日本改革家Fukuzawa Yukichi 和中国革命先驱孙中山

所以答案是：principles

3520th Century

Mass tourismG段第3句G段描述了20世纪新型旅行蓬勃发展，其中最独特的是大众旅行Mass tourism, 这已经成为世界上富裕人士的一个主要消费形式，这道题目答案需要填写进行mass tourism的人群

所以答案是：wealthy

Question 36-40

题目类型：Choose the correct letter, A,B,C or D

题号定位词文中对应点题目解析

36Why travelA段题目询问一些人早起旅行的原因，对于原因的整体介绍在A段，根据A段的介绍，排除A和B，而C和D两个选项对应到A段最后一句，可以看出C更加完整

因此答案选择C

37mirror to themselvesA段最后一句最后一句说旅行游记是旅行者的镜子是因为游记使得他们更加了解自己。结合ABC三个选项，分别说原因是了解当地历史，对世界很好奇以及他们应该多对未知事物进行研究，这些答案都不对，只有D是提及因为反映了自身的一些情况。

因此答案选择D

38the early part of postclassical eraD段第1句话D段第一句话总结了C段大体的旅行者情况，直接可以看到B选项的人群

因此答案是B

39Early modern eraE段倒数第2句这句话指出欧洲印刷出了成千上万的旅行游记，为对外面世界有强烈求知欲的读者描述异国的情况

因此答案是A

4020th century

What stimulatedG段第1句G段第1句指出随着便宜可靠的交通方式发展，20世纪见证了长途旅行的蓬勃发展

因此答案是D

参考译文：

旅游游记

A人们远离故土去旅行的原因有很多。一些旅行者可能只是想满足对外面大千世界的好奇心。然而,直到最近,贸易、商业交易、外交、政治管理、军事活动、流放、逃避迫害、迁移、朝圣、传教士的努力、以及对经济和教育需求，则成为人们出去旅行的更常见，而不仅仅是满足纯粹的好奇心。旅行者们的游记不仅能提供有关异国他乡的宝贵信息，并为人们了解当地文化和历史打开了一扇窗，同时，这些游记也是旅行者们自身的写照，因为这终游记有助于他们更好的认识自我。

B异国旅行的记录出现在文字发明不久之后，古时候，在美索一个著名的文学流派,并且对那些渴望获得有关自己领土的有用知识的统治者有着极大的吸引力。希腊历史学家希罗多德在他的埃及和安纳托利亚之旅中，记录了有关画的考察。中国特使张骞为了汉朝去寻找盟友，以公元前一世纪的旅行为基础,他描述了中亚大部分地区，磁远西至巴克特里亚(现在的阿富汗)。希腊和罗马地理学家，如托勒密,斯特拉博,和老普林尼等，依靠自己在地中海区域的旅行以及其他旅行者的记录，编译了大量的地理知识概略。

C在后古典主义时期(约公元500年到1500年)，贸易和朝圣成为人们去异国旅行的主要诱因。穆斯林商人在东半球的大部分地方寻求交易机会。他们斤 述了印度洋盆地的上地,人民,和商业产品,他们从东非写到印尼,并提供了撒哈拉以南的非洲西部社会的最初书面记录。当商人出发寻找贸易和利润的 时候,虔诚的穆斯林前往麦加朝圣,朝拜伊斯兰教的圣地。向从先知穆罕默德 首次去麦加朝圣之后，数不清的穆斯林教徒跟着他的步伐，并留下了成千上万 的有关他们麦加朝圣经历的游记。其中一个最苦名的穆斯林旅行者,伊本,白 图泰，以麦加开始了他的朝圣旅行,接着访问了中亚、印度、中国、撒哈拉以 南的非洲,和部分欧洲的地中海地丙，最后回到他的家乡摩洛哥。与穆斯林相 比，后古典主义时期东亚的旅行者则不那么突出,但他们也走了东半球的许多 大道和海上航线。中国商人经常访问东南亚和印度,偶尔甚至去东非冒险,而虔诚的东亚佛教徒则开启了遥远的朝圣之旅。公园5-9世纪之间，数以百计，甚至数以千计的中国佛教徒前往印度向佛教高僧求学、收集经文，并拜访佛教圣地。书面游记记录了很多朝圣者的经历,比如法显、玄奘和义净。虽然日本、韩国、和其他国家的朝圣者没有中国那么多,但他们也出国朝圣,寻求精神上的启蒙。

D中世纪欧洲人，在古典主义时期早期，并没有像穆斯林和东亚佛教徒那样，有如此大量的旅行者，虽然前往耶路撤冷、罗马、圣地亚哥德孔波斯特拉 (西班牙北部)和其他圣地的季度圣古人群逐渐增加。然而，12世纪后，中世纪欧洲商人和传教上、朝圣者开始人规模的游历,并留下很多旅行游记，这当中马可波罗在中国的游记是最出名的了。当他们开始熟悉了东半球更大的世界的和它有利可图图的商业机会后，欧洲人开始努力寻找新的和更宵接的通往亚洲和非洲市场的的航线。他们的努力不仅把他们带到了东半球的所有国家，还最终到了美洲和大洋洲。

E如果说在后古典主义时期，穆斯林和中闲人主导了旅游和旅行游记,那么在近现代初期(大约公元1500-1800年)欧洲探险家、征服者、商人和传教士占据了舞台中心。穆斯林和中国人的旅行在近现代初期并没有停止。但欧洲人则去世界上更遥远的角落进行探险，欧洲印刷出了成千上万的旅行游记，为对外面世界有着强烈求知欲的广大读者描述了异国的土地和人民。旅游文学的数量是如此庞大,以至于包括詹巴蒂斯塔拉莫西奥、理查德喑克卢特、 西奥多德塞谬尔珀切斯在内的一些编者收集了大量的旅行游记，并将它们大量出版。

F19世纪，欧洲的旅游者前往非洲和美洲的内陆地区，并创作了新一轮的游记作品。与此同时，欧洲殖民主义者向其殖民地的臣民，特别是他们在亚洲和非洲建立的殖民地发放了大量的游记。到19世纪中叶，人们的注意力也开始转向其它方面。当痛苦地意识到欧洲和欧美社会的军事和科技实力时，亚洲旅行者特别访问了欧洲和美国，希望发现适用于重组自己社会的有用准则。在游记中广泛使用自身的海外观察和经历的旅行者中，最著名的是日本改革家Fukuzawa Yukichi和中国革命先驱孙中山。

G随着便宜可靠的交通方式的发展，20世纪见证了长途旅行的快速发展和游记的增多。当人们的旅行，像过去一样，市委了商业。行政、外交、朝圣和传教工作，越来越多的高效公共交通模式也是的新型旅游蓬勃发展成为了可能。其中，最独特的是大众旅游，这已成为世界上富裕人士的一个主要消费形式。旅可以使消费者远离故土，到罗马看风景、乘船通过加勒比海、攀登中国的长城、参观波尔多的酒厂,或者去肯尼亚旅行，为了满足这些游客，一种奇特的旅行游记出现了：那就是旅游指南，它提供了一些关于食物、住宿、 购物、当地风俗和所有游客不该错过的景点的建议。在世界范围内，旅游收入对经济产生了巨大的影响,但其他新形式的旅游在当代也有相当大的影响力。例如,近些时期，前所未有的一波又一波移民出现了，众多的移民者试图记录他们的经历并说出自己对生活在异国的感受。与此同时，民族意识也得到了空前的发展，许多离放的知识分子和作家拜访了他们祖先的家园,看看他们继承了多少前辈们的价值观和文化传统。在他们的游记中尤其显著的足马尔科姆埃克斯和玛雅安吉楼的回忆录，其中描述了他们对非洲的拜访。

参考答案：

Version 32203 主题 游记

28Persian wars29allies30geographical knowledge

31pilgrimage32Buddhist teachers33colonies

34principles35wealthy36C

37D38B39A

40D

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