雅思阅读提升技巧之刻意训练

阅读能力提升非易事, 刻意阅读训练很重要，今天小编给大家带来了雅思阅读提升技巧之刻意训练，希望能帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

【雅思阅读提升】 阅读能力提升非易事 刻意阅读训练很重要

进行刻意阅读练习有两个关键，一个选取恰当的阅读材料，第二是培养阅读理解技能。

关于阅读材料的选取

选取阅读材料时，每个人根据自身的现有水平，选取那些有一定难度又可以通过一定练习驾驭的材料。比如你觉得雅思的阅读有挑战性，那么可以去找雅思阅读的题源文章作为训练材料，等到能够驾驭雅思阅读文章，再去找难度更高的文章进行训练。有一个基本的建议就是：阅读训练材料以新闻报刊为主。原因是报刊文章篇幅较短，而且信息量大，逻辑性强，非常有利于培养理解能力。

你可能会注意到，试卷上的阅读板块叫“阅读理解”(reading comprehension)，而不叫“阅读”,这其实揭示了一个道理：阅读过程是由两个部分组成的，一个叫阅读，一个叫“理解。而很多人往往只注意到了“阅读”，并没有去训练“理解”能力。

网上关于快速阅读的技巧多如牛毛，各种各样的技巧会让你“读”得更快，比如阅读时控制光线和环境，用手指或者笔辅助视线定位。但这些并没有什么用，它们关注的只是阅读的问题，而“理解过程”跟不上，读得再快也毫无用处。最关键的，是要提高“信息处理”的能力。

比如这句话：

To take part in a severe contest between intelligence，which presses forward ，and an unworthy，timid

ignorance obstructing our progress.

几乎没有一个生词，然而你看懂了吗?是读了一遍就懂还是来回读了很多遍才弄懂的?

决定阅读能力的，并不是“读得多快”，而是“理解得多快”。

所以刻意阅读练习的关键其实是培养理解能力。一般来说，影响阅读理解能力主要有以下几个因素：

1.词汇量

2.语法句法基础

3.背景知识

词汇量是阅读理解的基石。千万不要以为有大学四六级水平的词汇就够了，那是欧美国家文盲水平，读不懂外刊和原版书的。受过良好教育的英文母语人士词汇量一般都在两万以上，如果你要达到他们他们的阅读水平，你的词汇量不能低于他们。

语法句法基础对阅读理解的准确率也有很大影响，最常见的是各种长难句，如果你句法基础不好的话，理解起来会非常吃力。解决的方法也很简单，哪里基础不好就补哪里——语法句法知识也就那么多，一本教材认真看完也就几个星期的事情，但对理解能力的提升却是显而易见的。

背景知识这一点经常被人忽略，但它对理解文章起到举足轻重的作用。举个例子，如果你对英国的政党制度没有一定的了解，那么经济学人上的这篇文章关于英国工党选举的那些事估计会看不懂，尽管你知道每一个单词每一个短语的意思。

对于背景知识，建议在读文章的时候慢慢积累，不懂的就上网查，《经济学人》是一套相当好的阅读素材，信息量非常大，往往涉及到很多背景知识，如果能坚持读下来并弄懂每一篇文章，你会有非常大的收获。

除了上面这几个基本要点之外，做理解能力训练的时候一定要注意一个最重要的因素：文章的逻辑。

举个几乎耳熟能详的例子：

要求：将下列四句话用关联词链接：

1.李姐姐瘫痪了;

2.李姐姐顽强地学习;

3.李姐姐学会了多门外语;

4.李姐姐学会了针灸。

标准答案是：李姐姐虽然瘫痪了，但顽强地学习，不仅学会了多门外语，而且还学会了针灸。

结果一个熊孩子写道：虽然李姐姐顽强地学会了针灸和多门外语，可她还是瘫痪了。

其实故事从侧面揭示了一个事实：文章中句子与句子之间并不是孤立的，它们通过一定的逻辑形成一个有机整体。

对于人脑来说，理解并记忆一段有逻辑关系的信息要比记住一段无意义的话容易太多。

为什么有些人能够轻易记住一堆杂乱无章的扑克牌的顺序?因为他们可能采用了一种叫“讲故事”的方法，比如将扑克牌“A”类比为一把剑，“1”是一根竹竿，“2”是一只鸭子...然后将扑克牌的顺序转换为由这些形象组成的一个故事，通过这个过程将一张张孤立的扑克牌转化为一个有逻辑的故事，而有逻辑性的东西最容易被记忆和理解。

在阅读中也是同样的道理。为什么你在做阅读时每个句子好像都读懂了，但做题时又想不起文章在说什么?最根本的原因是，你读的并不是整篇文章，而是一个个孤立的单词和句子。而孤立的信息是最难被记住的。

每一个句子都不是空穴来风，每一个句子都有存在的理由。阅读的时候，对于看到的每一个段落、句子、短语甚至每一个单词，都应该多思考：作者为什么要这么写，有什么目的?句子与句子之间有没有什么联系?读文章，不仅仅要认识单词，还要搞清楚文章的结构、写作意图和逻辑关系。只有这样，才能真正训练理解能力。

雅思考试阅读理解练习试题及答案

★Study Finds Web Antifraud Measure Ineffective

Published: February 5, 2007 New York Times

1. Internet security experts have long known that simple passwords do not fully defend online bank accounts from determined fraud artists. Now a study suggests that a popular secondary security measure provides little additional protection.

2.The study, produced jointly by researchers at Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, looked at a technology called site-authentication images. In the system, currently used by financial institutions like Bank of America, ING Direct and Vanguard, online banking customers are asked to select an image, like a dog or chess piece, that they will see every time they log in to their account.

3.The idea is that if customers do not see their image, they could be at a fraudulent Web site, dummied up to look like their bank's, and should not enter their passwords.

4.The Harvard and M.I.T. researchers tested that hypothesis. In October, they brought 67 Bank of America customers in the Boston area into a controlled environment and asked them to conduct routine online banking activities, like looking up account balances. But the researchers had secretly withdrawn the images.

5.Of 60 participants who got that far into the study and whose results could be verified, 58 entered passwords anyway. Only two chose not to log on, citing security concerns.

6. "The premise is that site-authentication images increase security because customers will not enter their passwords if they do not see the correct image," said Stuart Schechter, a computer scientist at the M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory. "From the study we learned that the premise is right less than 10 percent of the time."

7.He added: "If a bank were to ask me if they should deploy it, I would say no, wait for something better," he said.

8.The system has some high-power supporters in the financial services world, many trying to comply with new online banking regulations. In 2005, the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, an interagency body of federal banking regulators, determined that passwords alone did not effectively thwart intruders like identity thieves.

9.It issued new guidelines, asking financial Web sites to find better ways for banks and customers to identify each other online. January 2007 was set as the compliance date, though the council has yet to begin enforcing the mandate.

10.Banks immediately knew what they did not want to do: ask customers to download new security software, or carry around hardware devices that feed them PIN codes they can use to authenticate their identities. Both solutions would add an extra layer of security but, the banks believed, detract from the convenience of online banking.

11.The image system, introduced in 2004 by a Silicon Valley firm called PassMark Security, offered banks a pain-free addition to their security arsenals. Bank of America was among the first to adopt it, in June 2005, under the brand name SiteKey, asking its 21 million Web site users to select an image from thousands of possible choices and to choose a unique phrase they would see every time they logged in.

12.SiteKey "gives our customers a fairly easy way of authenticating the Bank of America Web site," said Sanjay Gupta, an e-commerce executive at the bank. "It was very well received."

13.The Harvard and M.I.T. researchers, however, found that most online banking customers did not notice when the SiteKey images were absent. When respondents logged in during the study, they saw a site maintenance message on the screen where their image and phrases should have been pictured. The error message also had a conspicuous spelling mistake, further suggesting something fishy.

14.Mr. Gupta of Bank of America said he was not troubled by the results of the survey, and stressed that SiteKey had made the bank's Web site more secure. He also said that the system was only a single part of a larger security blanket. "It's not like we're betting the bank on SiteKey," he said.

15.Most financial institutions, like Bank of America, have other ways to tell if a customer is legitimate. The banks often drop a small software program, called a cookie, onto a user's PC to associate the computer with the customer. If the customer logs in from another machine, he may be asked personal questions, like his mother's maiden name.

16.Rachna Dhamija, the Harvard researcher who conducted the study, points out that swindlers can use their dummy Web sites to ask customers those personal questions. She said that the study demonstrated that site-authentication images are fundamentally flawed and, worse, might actually detract from security by giving users a false sense of confidence.

17.RSA Security, the company that bought PassMark last year, "has a lot of great data on how SiteKey instills trust and confidence and good feelings in their customers," Ms. Dhamija said. "Ultimately that might be why they adopted it. Sometimes the appearance of security is more important than security itself."

Questions 1-5

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Please write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the writer

FALSE if the statement does not agree with the writer

NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage

1.According to internet security experts, secondary security measures provide little additional protection against fraud.

2.In the Harvard and MIT study, two subjects didn't log on without seeing the correct pictures.

3.According to Schechter, more than 90% of online banking customers studied logged on without seeing the right pictures.

4.The image system is the only security measure that the banks mentioned in the passage have currently.

5.Bank of America is the first bank that adopted the image system.

Questions 6-13

Answer the following questions or complete the following sentences by choosing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

6.What is ING Direct and Vanguard?

7.What might online banking customers be cheated to give at a fraudulent Web site?

8.What may stop online banking customers from using new verification methods?

9.The key to online banking security is to verify the ______ of customers.

10.Where is PassMark Security located?

11.What is the reason why SiteKey is popular among online banking customers?

12.What was used instead of images in the Harvard and M.I.T. study?

13.How many security methods are mentioned in this passage?

参考答案：

1. 第一段 "Now a study suggests that a popular secondary security measure provides little additional protection."似与问题文字很接近，但是原文中a popular secondary security measure是指特定的一个措施，而非泛指所有secondary security measure。原文没有其它secondary security measure安全有效性的内容。故应选择NG。

2. 见第4、5段内容。第四段 "But the researchers had secretly withdrawn the images."即研究人员撤下了图形，第五段"Only two chose not to log on, citing security concerns."，有两个人因为安全考虑未进入。

3. T 见第6段。

4. F 见第11、14段。

5. F 见第11段 "Bank of America was among the first to adopt it"，可见首批采用图形识别软件的银行并非Bank of America一家。

6. A financial institution 见第二段。

7. (their) passwords 见第三段。

8. less convenience 见第十段。

9. identity 见第八、十段。

10. Silicon Valley 见第十一段。

11. easy to use 见第十二段。

12. site maintenance message 见第十三段 "When respondents logged in during the study, they saw a site maintenance message on the screen where their image and phrases should have been pictured."

13. 4 分别见第十段的 "download new security software"和"hardware devices that feed them PIN codes"，第十五段的"a small software program, called a cookie"，以及本文提到的site-authentication images。

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