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托福阅读各题型快速审题实用技巧精讲

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托福阅读提升速度不仅需要从读文章方面入手,也同样需要关注提升解题自身的效率。今天给大家带来了托福阅读各题型快速审题实用技巧精讲,希望能够帮助到大家在托福考试中拿高分,下面小编就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读各题型快速审题实用技巧精讲

细节推断修辞目的3大题型审题技巧讲解

对于托福阅读中的细节题,推断题和修辞目的题,审题是非常关键的。如果考生审题不清晰,或是直接看选项对比原文,很容易会答非所问。而提升这类题型的审题效率需要从两个方面进行强化。一方面是阅读词汇,词汇是基础,掌握了一定量的词汇才能无障碍理解题目;另一方面要注重题目问的是什么,是what,why,where还是which。与此同时要特别注意题目中的逻辑关系,这不仅能帮助我们定位原文细节,还能提升考生对题目的理解能力。

实例讲解

【官方真题Official1】Timberline Vegetation on Mountains中的第三题:Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the upper and lower timberlines?

拿到题目后首先看疑问词,问的是which,另外infer出现表示这是一道推断题,这两步骤都可以一扫而过,关键点在about之后,找到要我们推断的点是什么,此题问的是the upper and lower timberlines,and的出现表示是并列结构,也就说下面选项中所推断的信息必须同时符合the upper timberlines 和 the lower timberlines的特征,必须是共同的特征。理解清楚题目后再回原文找the upper timberlines 和 the lower timberlines,找到他们描述的共同点就是答案所在之处了。

托福阅读这些题型不用审题也能做

除了上述审题十分关键的托福阅读题型外,还有一些题型不需要仔细审题,看到题目后直接按照各自的解题方式解题。这包括词汇题,指代题(此类题型现在基本不考),句子简化题,句子插入题和全文总结题(6选3)。词汇题和指代题会在原文中标注出考查的单词或词组,我们考试时无需花太多时间读题,只要知道考查的是什么词,直接回原文阅读或直接对比选项。句子简化题,插入题和全文总结题的题干很长,但固定,也就是说这一题型的题干每次都一样。如果每次花时间阅读,费事又不一定理解正确。所以一定在考前学习时先仔细阅读分析句子简化题的题干,理解出题原则和解题要求,牢记于心,考试的时候就无需再花时间阅读题干,直接分析考查的句子即可。

托福阅读备考之长难句分析:史前猛犸

Amid rumors that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around the unknown region and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent,the two captains set out.

(同位语从句rumors that…)

当时有一些传言,说有史前的猛犸在这一陌生的区域活动,而且在这一区域的某个地方有一座巨大的盐石山,其面积达80英里长50英里宽。就在这些传言中,两位上尉出发了。

分句1:Amid rumors

分句2:that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around the unknown region

分句3:and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent

分句4:the two captains set out.

整个句子的主句是分句4.

"Amid" 表示“在 ......之中", 是介词,它引导的分句1嵌套着分句2和分句3,并且在整句话中作状语。 而分句2和分句3是并列关系的同位语从句来修饰分句1中的rumors,作rumors的同位语从句,用来说明谣言的具体内容。

托福阅读备考之长难句分析:热带地区土地面积

The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes——a fact that is not always evident when we examine commonly used projections of Earth's curved surface, since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes——and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect. (TPO40, 55)

tropics n. 热带

projection n. 发射,投射;

exaggerate /ɪg'zædʒəreɪt/ v. 夸张,夸大

大家自己先读,不回读,看一遍是否能理解

The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higherlatitudes——(a fact) (that is not always evident) (when we examine commonly used projections of Earth's curved surface), (since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes)——and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect. (TPO40,55)

托福阅读长难句100句分析:

这个句子的主干就是一个并列结构,中间被一个破折号隔开了。

The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect.

修饰一:(a fact) ,同位语

中文:一个事实

修饰二:(that is not always evident) ,从句

中文:不总是那么明显

修饰三:(when we examine commonly used projections of Earth's curved surface) ,从句

中文:当我们在仔细观察通常所用的地球曲面投影时

修饰四:(since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes) ,从句

中文:因为这往往夸大了高纬度的土地面积

托福阅读长难句100句参考翻译:

热带比高纬度包含更大的的土地面积——当我们在仔细观察通常所用的地球曲面投影时,这一事实并不总是显而易见的,因为这往往夸大了高纬度的土地面积——并且一些生物地理学家认为多样性的差异反映了这一影响。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句和同位语,大家务必想清楚,每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么,才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

托福阅读备考之长难句分析:生物多样化

Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity,the number of species in a particular ecosystem,to the health of the Earth and human well-being.

(倒装coincident with concerns…has been…=…has been coincident with concerns…)

【译句】在对物种和动物栖息地加速消失表示关注的同时,人们也越来越认识到生物多样化,即一个特定生态系统中物种的数量对地球的健康以及人类幸福的重要性。

此句是完全倒装句,谓语动词是 has been,真正的主语是has been 后面的内容。Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats是表语。

原来的正常语序是: A growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity,the number of species in a particular ecosystem,to the health of the Earth and human well-being has been coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats

其中 the number of species in a particular ecosystem 是插入语,作为同位语出现,用来解释说明biological diversity。

在这句话真正的主语中有一个 " the importance of A to B" 的结构,应该翻译为“A对B的重要性”。 原句中就是 "the importance of biological diversity to the health of the Earth and human well-being " 叫做“生物多样性对于地球和人类幸福健康的重要性"。

托福阅读备考之长难句分析:天然维生素

托福阅读长难句:怀孕鱼龙群

There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones,that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs,that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like.

(并列同位语从句reports that…,that…,that…)

关于天然维生素优于人造维生素,受精蛋比未受精蛋的营养价值更高,未经熏蒸消毒处理的谷物比经过处理的好等等报道屡见不鲜,但都没有得到证实。

分句1:There are numerous unsubstantiated reports

分句2:that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones

分句3:that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs

分句4:that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like

分句1是整个长句的主句,分句2、分句3和分句4是并列关系,共同构成分句1的同位语从句。本句的意思是有很多没有经过证实的报道,然后并列了三个未经过证实的报道的从句。



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