托福听力这些常见惯用语你认识吗

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托福听力这些常见惯用语你认识吗?耳熟却讲不出意思赶紧来学

1.all over the place：乱七八糟的;到处都是

Paraphrase: completely disorganized or confused

官方真题Official: T13L2 – Ecology

Yeah,well, there used to be beavers all over the place, something like 200 million beavers, just in the continental United States.

这里曾经到处都是海狸，大概有200万只生活在美洲大陆上。

2.all the rag：风靡一时

Paraphrase: popular or fashionable at the moment

官方真题Official: T30L4 – Music History

Before long, Hawaiian steel guitar music was all the rage in the mainland US.

不久，夏威夷吉他就在美国本土风靡起来。

3.at odd：争执;不一致

Paraphrase: cannot agree or argue with someone

官方真题Official: T4L2 – Literature

They try to fit in with the rest of the world even though it’s at odds with their beliefs and their identities.

他们正努力融入世界，尽管他们和世界其他地方有着不同的身份和信仰。

Tips: at odds是争执、不一致的意思，应该把它作为一个整体来熟悉和运用。odd可以当形容词,意意思是奇数的;古怪的;剩余的;临时的;零散的;也可当名词,意思是：奇数;怪人;奇特的事物;

如：Although it sounded odd, this is the only way to describe this behavior.

虽然听起来很奇怪，但是这是描述这一行为的唯一方法。

It's not as though, oh, today is odd but maybe tomorrow it will be even.

并不是说今天它是奇数，明天就是偶数了。

而odds 只能当名词,意思是：几率;胜算;不平等;差别

如：Sure, you can raise money but the odds of getting venture capital are high.

当然了，你可以筹集资金，但是风险投资的几率也是非常高的。

4.be that as it may：即使如此，尽管那样; 话虽如此

Paraphrase: even so, even now

官方真题Official: T3L3 – Art History

But be that as it may, whatever the exact date, whether it's 15,000, 20,000or 30,000 years ago, the Chauvet paintings are from the dawn of art.

尽管如此，无论准确的日期是哪天，哪怕是在15000、20000还是30000年前，肖维岩洞的壁画都被认为是艺术的开端。

5.do the trick：奏效，成功

Paraphrase: go places, make a hit

官方真题Official: T19C1 – Student & Professor

Yeah,I can see how that might do the trick. But, anyway, what I wanted to ask was, when you started talking about game theory.Well, I know a little bit about it, but I am not clear about its use in biology.

是的，我已经看到效果了，但是，我还是想问一下，当你提到game theory的时候，我是有一定的了解，但是我不知道这个理论是如何运用在生物学中的。

6.down the drain：浪费掉;徒劳;堕落

Paraphrase: wasted or produces no results

官方真题Official: T4C2 – Student & Professor

I know, but I didn’t want to risk the project going down the drain.

我知道，但是我不能让这个项目冒功亏一篑的风险。

7.drop in the bucket：沧海一粟，九牛一毛，杯水车薪

Paraphrase: something is so small that it won't make any noticeable difference.

官方真题Official: T12L4 – Environmental Science

It can generate 194 megawatts of electric power, but that’s just a drop in the bucket.

它能产生194兆瓦的电量，但是也是杯水车薪。

8.for the birds：毫无意义的

Paraphrase: worthless or ridiculous

官方真题Official: T8L1 – Animal Behavior

Studies have been done on the reproductive success rates for the birds in both areas, and the result showed surprisingly that the reproductive success was essentially the same in both areas – the preferred and the second choice habitat.

关于繁殖的成功率的研究结论是毫无价值的，结果令人震惊地表明，繁殖的成功率在首选和第二选择的栖息地中本质上是一样的

9.from scratch：白手起家，从头做起

Paraphrase: from the beginning

官方真题Official: T4C2 – Student & Professor

But we've got all the sources and its due next week. We don’t have time to start from scratch.

但是我们已经找好各种资料了，截止日期是下周，我们已经没有时间重新来过了。

10.get a handle on：控制，掌握，驾驭，左右

Paraphrase: get something under control

官方真题Official: T25L4 – Animal Behavior

Apparently,it also contributes to the development of a brain that's flexible, a brain that's quickly able to get a handle on unfamiliar situations.

很显然，它对大脑灵活、快速的适应陌生环境有着重要帮助。

11.heavenly body：天体

Paraphrase: planet

官方真题Official: T18L1 – Astronomy

That's because of their belief at the time that the heavenly bodies, the Sun,Moon,Stars and Planets, were perfect, without any flaws or blemishes.

这是因为他们坚信所有的行星，太阳，月亮等等，都是完美无瑕的。

12.high and low：到处

Paraphrase:everywhere

官方真题Official: T5C1 – Student & Counselor at the University Counseling Center

And it so happened that the cellist graduated last year. They’ve been searching high and low for a replacement, someone with experience.

大提琴手去年毕业了，他们到处寻找有经验的接班人。

13.how come：为什么，怎么会

Paraphrase: disbelief or surprise

官方真题Official:T26L3 – Astronomy

I mean, how come Halley’s is still there? After four and a half billion years. How could it be?

我意思是，经过了45亿年哈雷彗星怎么还在那，怎么可能?

14.let alone：更不必说;不打扰

Paraphrase: to say nothing of…

官方真题Official: T22L2 – Astronomy

we know the Sun’s current rate of mass loss, but if we assume that this rate has been steady over the last four billion years, the young Sun wouldn’t have been massive enough to have warmed Earth, let alone Mars, not enough to have caused liquid water.

我们知道太阳现在质量在衰减，如果我们假设太阳质量衰减的速度是恒定的，那么经过40亿年，太阳将不再有足够的质量给地球提供热量，更不用说火星了，这些热量都不够形成液态水。

15.off the hook：摆脱困境;脱身

Paraphrase: avoid sth.

官方真题Official: T15C2 – Student & Biology Professor

And that's supposed to be a quiet environment? Not exactly. My brother and parents try to keep it down when I am studying, but the phone pretty much rings off the hook, so ...

本该是一个很安静的环境吧?事实却不是这样，在我学习的时候都爸爸和哥哥放低声音，但是电话却响个不停。

16.pros and cons：利弊

Paraphrase: advantages & disadvantages

官方真题Official: The question is how. I mean no one really thinks that, say a bee goes through weighing thepros and cons of pollinating this flower or that flower.

问题在于怎样做到的。没有人会认为蜜蜂给花朵授粉的时候会去权衡一下这朵花和那朵花的利弊。

17.put two and two together：根据事实推理

Paraphrase: reach acorrect conclusion from the evidence; making inference

官方真题Official: T3L4 – Astronomy

Sohe put two and two together, and decided there was an element in the sun that hadn’t been discovered here on the earth yet.

所以他根据现有情况推断，太阳里有一种元素是我们至今都没有发现的。

18.rule of thumb：经验法则

Paraphrase: approximately

官方真题Official: T2C1 – Student & Professor

.. like your parents. That’s usually my rule of thumb: would my parents understand this?

例如你的父母。按我的经验我会问一句，我的父母能理解吗?

19.spot on：完全正确

Paraphrase: exactly right

官方真题Official:T29L4 – Structural Engineering

There’sa reason I mentioned that figure of 36,000 kilometers. That’s about how high an object would have to be orbiting straight up from the equator to constantly remain directly above the exact same spot on the rotating planet Earth.

就像我刚提到的，36000公里是近地同步卫星的最低轨道高度。

20.take for granted：认为…理所当然

Paraphrase: assume sth.Is real for sure

官方真题Official: T24L3 – Archeology

Today we take for granted that there horizontal bands of plant communities.

今天我们认为植物带的水平分布是理所当然的。

21.tall order：离谱的要求，苛求

Paraphrase: hard to achieve or fulfill

官方真题Official: T5C2 – Student & Professor

It's still a pretty tall order, and we will be moving right along, so you will really need to stay on top of it.

这始终是个苛刻的要求，我们要一直保持前进，你就必须保持在巅峰状态。

22.tongue in cheek：不是认真的，虚情假意的

Paraphrase:not seriously

官方真题Official:T12L1 – Biology

That's the so-called JUNK DNA. Though the word junk is used sort of tongue in cheek.

这就是所谓的“无用DNA”，不过junk一词在这里有点嘲弄的意思。

2020托福听力练习：对蜘蛛的恐惧

"Both of us were in the lab when we just saw a spider, and I'm really afraid of them.

So I started to scream for her to come and pick it up because she's not afraid of them.”

Ben-Gurion University of the Negev psychologist Tali Leibovich, talking about herself and a colleague.

“And she said, but it's small, how come you're afraid of it?

And I said, no it's huge! And she said 'it's small; I said it's huge.

We started arguing, and this is why we started this study. To see who is right."

Leibovich does not ordinarily study spiders.

But this spider encounter made her curious about how the human brain understands magnitude—what are the factors that influence our estimation of how big or small something is?

And does fear play a role?

So she and colleagues did an experiment in which participants had to say how big a spider in a photo was on a scale from housefly to goat.

And the subjects who were afraid of spiders consistently rated the arachnids as larger than did the non-phobic participants.

But the spider-phobes did not miscalculate the size of butterflies or birds.

Nor did they see wasps as larger-than-life, even though wasps can be dangerous.

The estimation error was spider-specific.

It seems our emotions drive us to experience the same world in very different ways.

The results are in the journal Biological Psychology.

"Now we can ask the question of what causes what?

Is it the fear of spiders that makes you see them as larger, or first you see them as larger for some reason and because of it you start being afraid of them?"

If it's the latter, then perhaps spider-phobes can be trained to more accurately judge the size of the arachnids, and maybe that could ease their worries.

Some might even come to see spiders as actually kind of cool—or at least not downright terrifying.

“我们看到蜘蛛是在实验室里，我真的非常害怕这种生物。

因此我就冲她大喊大叫让她把蜘蛛弄走，因为她不害怕。”

班古里昂大学的内盖夫心理学家塔里·勒博维奇谈论着自己和同事的经历。

“我的同事说，蜘蛛那么小的个头，你怎么会害怕呢?

而我说，不，它很大的!她说蜘蛛很小，但我则说很大。

随后我们开始争论起来。而为了证明孰是孰非，我们开始了这项研究。

勒博维奇并没有按照常理出牌去研究蜘蛛。

但这次被蜘蛛吓到的经历让她对人类的大脑如何理解大小产生好奇—究竟是哪些因素对我们评判事物大小的标准产生影响呢?

恐惧是否也在其中起到关键作用呢?

因此她和同事们进行了一项实验，参与其中的试验者们必须说出照片中从家蝇到山羊相大小的蜘蛛到底有多大。

相比不害怕蜘蛛的受试者，对蜘蛛感到害怕的人认为这种生物更大一些。

但蜘蛛恐惧症者并不会错误判断蝴蝶或鸟类的体型。

而且尽管黄蜂非常危险，他们也不会认为黄蜂比实际要大一些。

这种错误的估计只针对蜘蛛。

似乎我们的情感驱使着我们用不同的方式体验着同一个世界。

这项研究已在《生物心理学》杂志上发表。

“现在我们可以探究原因，是什么原因造成这种情况呢?

是因为对蜘蛛的恐惧让你觉得它们看起来很大，还是第一次见到蜘蛛就觉得它们体积较大令你害怕?”

如果是后者，那么蜘蛛恐惧症也许可以通过训练更准确地判断蜘蛛的大小，这样也许能缓解他们的担忧。

有些人甚至认为看到蜘蛛很酷啊—至少不是很害怕。

1.pick up 捡起;接载

例句:He picked his cap up from the floor and stuck it back on his head.

他从地板上拾起帽子，重新戴在头上。

2.afraid of 害怕

例句:He was afraid of hurting my feelings.

他怕伤了我的心。

3.start to 开始

例句:I'll start to think about it when I have to write my report.

我要写报告时会对此予以考虑的。

4.talk about 谈论

例句:I had a long talk about this with my best friend.

我和我最好的朋友就此事进行了长谈。

2020托福听力练习：黑洞碰撞合并对引力波影响

The news last month that gravitational waves had been discovered made waves throughout the world of science.

The finding, from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, or LIGO, showed that extreme gravity can cause ripples in spacetime.

In the case studied, the extreme gravity came from two colliding black holes.

Now one scientist is suggesting an added wrinkle—that those two black holes might have originated in a single star.

“The situation is similar to a pregnant woman that has twin babies in her belly.”

Avi Loeb of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

He's proposing the idea in a paper that's been accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters.

Loeb became suspicious because just 0.4 seconds after LIGO spotted the gravitational waves, a space telescope called Fermi glimpsed a bright flash of gamma-ray light in the same area of the sky.

“Detecting such a signal is quite surprising from a collision of two black holes.

What could be the source of a flash of light following a black hole merger?”

Colliding black holes should not produce such light—but the death of a very massive star could.

“My idea was that if the star is spinning very rapidly to start with, then as its core collapses it produces a bar that breaks into two clumps of matter, sort of like a dumbbell configuration. And these two clumps of matter orbit a common center, and they eventually collapse independently into two black holes.”

Of course, it's possible that the Fermi telescope signal was a false alarm.

So we'll see if future gravitational wave detections are also accompanied by flashes of light—supporting the idea that twin black holes collided upon the collapse of a massive star.

上个月人类首次直接探测到引力波的新闻在科学界激起了波澜。

这一在激光干涉引力波天文台(LIGO)上的重大发现,表明极限重力可以引发时空涟漪。

在这项研究中,这种极限重力来自两个黑洞的碰撞。

美国宇航局费米太空望远镜在引力波信号之后大约0.4秒检测到伽玛射线爆发.jpg

而现在一位科学家提出一种特别的理论，那就是这两个黑洞可能起源于同一颗恒星。

“这样的情况就好比一位怀有双胞胎的孕妇一样。

“哈佛-史密森天体物理中心的天体物理学家艾维·勒布说道。

在《天体物理学杂志》上发表的一篇研究中他提出了这样的观点。

勒布提出质疑是因为LIGO观测到引力波信号仅0.4秒后,费米太空望远镜就检测到伽玛射线爆发，而引力波和伽玛射线爆发均产生于同一片区域。

ab两图是通过数值求解爱因斯坦方程得到的双黑洞轨道演化.jpg

“检测这样一种来自两个黑洞碰撞的信号令人非常吃惊。

黑洞碰撞合并后闪光可能的来源是什么?”