托福阅读词汇题看不懂生词也能做题3招实用技巧讲解

托福阅读的10大题型中，词汇题可能是出现频率较高的一种题型了。今天小编给大家带来托福阅读词汇题看不懂生词也能做题3招实用技巧讲解,希望可以帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读词汇题看不懂生词也能做题3招实用技巧讲解

托福阅读词汇题占比数据分析

众所周知，托福阅读考试按照官方指南OG上的说法共有10大类题型，而其中词汇题是数量最多难度也比较低的一种题型。根据多年的数据统计和官方推出的各类学习模考资料来看，在托福阅读中词汇题的题目数量占比在15%-20%左右，每篇阅读文章附带的题目中都至少会带上2-3道词汇题，因此能否顺利应对这一题型，对考生确保和提升托福阅读成绩可谓意义重大。

托福阅读词汇题看不懂生词应对技巧介绍

当然，想要顺利应对词汇题，考生不仅需要拥有更足够丰富的词汇量，同样也需要具备应对陌生词汇也能顺利解答词汇题的能力和技巧。词汇题虽然看似简单，只要认识词汇就能顺利做答，但反过来如果考生不认识词汇，那么解题难度就会直线上升。然而想要做好词汇题，即使不认识题目中的词汇，考生仍然是有机会和希望做对的，前提是掌握了以下这3类技巧：

应对技巧1：寻找和熟悉词汇的关系

The assessment of past rises and falls in sea level requires study of submerged land surfaces off the coast and of elevated beaches on land. Raised beaches are remnants of former coastlines at higher levels relative to the present shoreline and visible, for instance, along the California coast north of San Francisco, the height of a raised beach above the present shoreline, however, does not generally give a straightforward indication of the height of a former sea level.

The word "remnants" in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. remains

B. regions

C. pints

D. origins

应对托福阅读词汇题看不懂词汇的问题，最主要或者说实用的技巧就是结合文章和题目以及选项中的其它考生熟悉的词汇来进行逻辑推理和分析判断，以便推测出生词的含义。以上面这道题目为例，考生如果不认识remnants这个词，解题可能就无法进行下去了。那么我们不妨来找一下大家应该会相对更熟悉一些的词汇，原文中距离remnants最近的一个熟词是former，这个词代表了过去，在for instance之后的例子中也再次出现了。然后再看看选项，其中和过去关系最大的应该就是remains了，毕竟想到过去就联想到遗留，残留之类的意思是比较符合逻辑思维的，那么remnants的意思应该也就是remains，这道题的正确答案就是A。

应对技巧2：从上下文中找线索

At night, the solar energy (stored as vast quantities of heat in city buildings and roads) is slowly released into the city air. Additional city heat is given off at night (and during the day) by vehicles and factories, as well as by industrial and domestic heating and cooling units. The release of heat energy is retarded by the tall vertical city walls that do not allow infrared radiation to escape as readily as does the relatively level surface of the surrounding countryside. The slow release of heat tends to keep nighttime city temperatures higher than those of the faster-cooling rural areas.

The word "retarded" in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. disguised

B. added to

C. made possible

D. slowed dow

应对托福阅读词汇题中陌生词汇的第二个技巧是从生词本身所在的上下文中寻找线索来进行突破。以上面这道题为例，retarded出现在这个句子里：

The release of heat energy is retarded by the tall vertical city walls that do not allow infrared radiation to escape as readily as does the relatively level surface of the surrounding countryside.

很显然这是个大家比较头疼的长难句，先来简化一下，变成：

The tall vertical city walls are doing something to the heat energy because they do not allow infrared radiation to escape.

总而言之就是city wall对heat energy做了点什么以防止radiation escape。这个句子里比较有意思的就是do not allow，现在再回头去看题目选项给出的这些词汇，added to和made possible显然在意思上都是和not allowed有冲突的，可以先排除掉，剩下的diguised不好判断，heat energy能不能被disguised不好说，但放在这里显然意思上不太搭，跟整个句子关系不大。这样一来选项D显然看上去就顺眼多了，不让infrared radiation逃脱所以要slow down一下heat energyd的释放也是比较符合逻辑关系的。正确答案也的确就是D。

应对技巧3：词性判断排除法

Several dinosaur fossil localities preserve coprolites. Coprolites yield unequivocal evidence about the dietary habits of dinosaurs. Many parts of plants and animals are extremely resistant to the digestive systems of animals and pass completely through the body with little or no alteration. Study of coprolites has indicated that the diets of some herbivorous dinosaurs were relatively diverse, while other dinosaurs appear to have been specialists, feeding on particular types of plants. The problem with inferring diets from coprolites is the difficulty in accurately associating a particular coprolite with a specific dinosaur.

The word "unequivocal" in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. deniable

B. unambiguous

C. unclear

D. largely

最后一种应对词汇题生词的技巧其原理来自于做选择题时比较经典的排除法思路。而应用到词汇题上，比较容易切入的一个排除点就在于词汇本身的词性了。来看上面这道例题，选项的4个词汇里有一个明显画风不一样词性不对路的词，就是选项D的largely，妥妥的副词。而uneuivocal本身很明显是一个形容词。所以选项D就可以先行排除掉了。之后再看剩下的3个选项，deniable和unclear意思是比较相近的，都有不确定的含义在里面，而unambiguous的意思则正好相反，是毫不含糊，明确。那么正确选项应该就是B了。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：While accepting that...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

While accepting that this sequence fits the archaeological profile of those sites,which were occupied continuously over many thousands of years, a number of writers have warned that the underlying assumption of such a sequence—a development from the simple and the geometric to the complex and naturalistic—obscures the cultural continuities in Aboriginal Australia, in which geometric symbolism remains fundamentally important.

词汇讲解：

archaeological /ˌɑ:kiə'lɔdʒikəl/ adj. 考古学的

profile /'prəʊfaɪl/ n. 侧面(像);轮廓，外形

underlying adj. 潜在的，根本的

geometric /ˌdʒɪə'metrɪk/ adj. 几何的

obscure /əb'skjʊə/ vt. 使不分明，遮掩

symbolism /'sɪmbəlɪz(ə)m/ n. 象征主义

结构划分：

(While accepting that this sequence fits the archaeological profile of those sites), (which were occupied continuously over many thousands of years), a number of writers have warned (that the underlying assumption of such a sequence—a development from the simple and the geometric to the complex and naturalistic—obscures the cultural continuities in Aboriginal Australia), (in which geometric symbolism remains fundamentally important).

深度分析：

修饰一：(While accepting that this sequence fits the archaeological profile of those sites) ，从句

中文：虽然接受了这种顺序与这些地点的考古图案相符

修饰二：(which were occupied continuously over many thousands of years) ，从句，修饰sites

中文：这些地方几千年来充满了这样的图案

修饰三：(that the underlying assumption of such a sequence—a development from the simple and the geometric to the complex and naturalistic—obscures the cultural continuities in Aboriginal Australia) ，从句，注意里面有一个破折号来解释说明前面的顺序：a development from the simple and the geometric to the complex and naturalistic(从简单图案和几何图案再到复杂图案和自然主义图案的发展)

中文：但一些作者警告说这种顺序的潜在假设——从简单图案和几何图案再到复杂图案和自然主义图案的发展——模糊了澳大利亚土著文化的连续性，

修饰四：(in which geometric symbolism remains fundamentally important) ，从句，修饰前面的Aboriginal Australia

中文：而在这里几何图案的象征主义依然十分重要。

参考翻译：

虽然接受了这种顺序与这些地点的考古图案相符(这些地方几千年来充满了这样的图案)，但一些作者警告说这种顺序的潜在假设——从简单图案和几何图案再到复杂图案和自然主义图案的发展——模糊了澳大利亚土著文化的连续性，而在这里几何图案的象征主义依然十分重要。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：archaeologist who coined...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

Lesley Maynard, the archaeologist who coined the phrase “Panaramitee style,” suggested that a sequence could be determined for Australian rock art, in which a geometric style gave way to a simple figurative style (outlines of figures and animals), followed by a range of complex figurative styles that, unlike the pan-Australian geometric tradition, tended to much greater regional diversity.

词汇讲解：

archaeologist /ˌɑ:ki'ɔlədʒist/ n. 考古学家

coin vt. 创造(新词语)

geometric /ˌdʒɪə'metrɪk/ adj. 几何的

figurative adj. 比喻的，形象的

pan-构词成分，意思为：总的，泛的，全的，如pan-African

结构划分：

Lesley Maynard, (the archaeologist)(who coined the phrase “Panaramitee style,”) suggested that a sequence could be determined for Australian rock art,(in which a geometric style gave way to a simple figurative style (outlines of figures and animals)), (followed by a range of complex figurative styles)(that,unlike the pan-Australian geometric tradition, tended to much greater regional diversity.)

深度分析：

修饰一：(the archaeologist) ，同位语

中文：考古学家

修饰二：(who coined the phrase“Panaramitee style,”) ，从句，修饰the archaeologist

中文：创造了“Panaramitee style”词组

修饰三：(in which a geometric style gaveway to a simple figurative style (outlines of figures and animals)) ，从句，修饰rock art

中文：从几何图形风格，后来被简单的轮廓风格(人物和动物的轮廓)取代

修饰四：(followed by a range of complex figurative styles) ，非谓语动词

中文：再到后来一系列复杂的轮廓风格

修饰五：(that, unlike the pan-Australiangeometric tradition, tended to much greater regional diversity.) ，从句

中文：不像泛澳的几何的传统，更趋向地区的多样化

参考翻译：

Lesley Maynard(创造了“Panaramiteestyle”词组的考古学家)认为：澳大利亚岩石艺术的顺序可以被确定，即岩石艺术从几何图形风格，后来被简单的轮廓风格(人物和动物的轮廓)取代，再到后来一系列复杂的轮廓风格(这种风格不像泛澳的几何的传统，更趋向地区的多样化)。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：include conducting vessels...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

These include conducting vessels that transport water and minerals upward from the roots and that move the photosynthetic products from the leaves to the rest of the plant body and the stiffening substance lignin, which support the plant body, helping it expose maximum surface area to sunlight.

词汇讲解：

vessel /'ves(ə)l/ n. 船(尤指大船)，舰;容器, 器皿;管状结构，血管，导管

photosynthetic /ˌfəutəsin'θetik/ adj. 光合作用的

stiffen /'stɪfn/vt. (使某物)变得(更加)坚硬﹑僵硬

lignin /'lɪgnɪn/n. ‘化学’木质素

结构划分：

These include conducting vessels (that transport water and minerals upward from the roots) and (that move the photosynthetic products from the leaves to the rest of the plant body) and the stiffening substance lignin, (which support the plant body), (helping it expose maximum surface area to sunlight.)

深度分析：

修饰一：(that transport water and minerals upward from the roots) ，从句，修饰conducting vessels

中文：从根部向上运输水与矿物质

修饰二：(that move the photosynthetic products from the leaves to the rest of the plant body) ，从句，修饰conducting vessels，注意其中有个from to的介词短语，从叶子到植物体的其余部分

中文：从叶子向植物体内其余各部分运输光合作用产物

修饰三：(which support the plant body) ，从句，修饰substance lignin

中文：维持植物体的生命

修饰四：(helping it expose maximum surface area to sunlight.) ，非谓语动词

中文：有助于植物体大部分表面暴露于阳光之下

参考翻译：

这些包括导管(用来从根部向上运输水与矿物质以及从叶子向植物体其余各部分运输光合作用产物)和坚硬的物质木质素(用来维持植物体的生命，有助于植物体大部分表面暴露于阳光之下)。

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