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托福写作热点话题观点和词句类素材汇总:打车软件

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托福写作的话题范围很广,有许多题目考生如果没有提前准备好相应的素材往往会不知道如何展开论述。今天小编给大家带来了托福写作热点话题题目和理论素材汇总 ,希望能够帮助到大家,下面小编就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。

托福写作热点话题观点和词句类素材汇总:打车软件

托福写作热点话题观点类素材分享:打车软件

1.cash burning 烧钱

不可否认,像滴滴快车这样的叫车应用是通过烧钱(burn cash)来抢占市场份额(to grab market share)的。所谓“烧钱”是指这些叫车应用通过向客户提供高额补贴(provide massive subsidies)的方式来大打价格战(to wage a fierce price war)。这种新商业模式(novel business model)使得传统的出租车行业处于劣势(to put the traditional taxi business at a disadvantage)。很多客户会因为便宜而转向叫车应用。

2.venture capital firm 风险资本公司/private equity firm 私募公司

这种O2O模式的企业,大多是风险资本公司(venture capital firm)或私募公司(private equity firm)。消费者喜欢这种企业,比如这次叁亚出租车司机罢工事件,乘客都是一边倒地支持滴滴快车公司。乘客们认为滴滴快车更便捷更便宜,传统出租车行业自身也应该进行变革。

3.online to offline(O2O) 线上到线下

但同时不少人也质疑像滴滴快车这样的O2O互联网企业的烧钱行为能持续到何时。烧钱这一营销策略(market strategy)是否是一种可行的商业模式(viable business model), 因为在烧钱这种商业模式中,补贴起着决定性作用(play a defining role), 烧钱吸引来的用户并没有什幺忠诚度,当别的公司提供更多补贴时,这些客户就会“倒戈”。所以在这场烧钱大战中胜出的唯一可能就是在竞争对手破产(go bankrupt/go out of business)前,自己的钱还没有烧完。

4.to publish financial statement 公布财务报表

很多人悲观地认为,眼下这种以叫车应用为代表的整个互联网行业的烧钱热潮预示着互联网泡沫快胀到头了(to heralds the top of an internet bubble).由于这些O2O公司不公布财务报表(not publish financial statement), 所以他们的烧钱规模无从得知。其实O2O这种模式之前在国外已经受到了审视(be subject to scrutiny), 上世纪90年代,硅谷(silicon valley)曾经发生过互联网泡沫。因此,看待这个问题时,我们应该想得更长远一些。

托福写作热点话题词句类素材分享:打车软件

旅游胜地 resorts/tourist attraction

指定地点 designated place

出租车司机罢工 taxi driver strike

手机叫车应用 cellphone car-hailing application

危害了某人利益 damage one’s interest

烧钱 to burn cash

抢占市场份额 to grab market share

提供高额补贴 to provide massive subsidies

大打价格战 to wage a fierce price war

新商业模式 novel business mode

使得传统的出租车行业处于劣势 to put the traditional taxi business at a disadvantage

风险资本公司 venture capital firm

私募公司 private equity firm

营销策略 market strategy

可行的商业模式 viable business model

起着决定性作用 to play a defining role

破产 to go bankrupt/go out of business

预示着互联网泡沫快胀到头了 to heralds the top of an internet bubble

公布财务报表 not publish financial statement

受到了审视 be subject to scrutiny

硅谷 silicon valley

托福写作:学会巧妙用词

一、语言习惯并与社会文化背景相融合

由于东西方社会历史文化的差异,许多词所引申或代表的内容也大相径庭,First lady (第一夫人)绝不能理解为汉语的塬配夫人,因此在写作中应特别注意这类词,否则会导致冒犯和误解。Phoenix在西方象征“复活”、“再生”,而汉语的这一词却表示“祥瑞”。

即使同一事物,在美国和英国也可能有不同的表达。例如:corn一词在美国指“玉米”而在英国泛指“谷物”;“地铁”在英国用tube或underground美国则用subway。此类的例子还有pavement/sidewalk, Chemists' shop/drug store等。

二、注意区分同义词,紧密结合写作主题、对象及情景

英语的同义词相当丰富。总的来讲,英语词汇的来源主要是本族语、法语、拉丁语,不同的来源,其在使用中也要多加留意。 如ask,question,inter-rogate这叁个不同来源的同义词在不同的主题、对象、情景下用法就不一样。同义词除了来源的不同会影响措词的选择外,它们在程度、感情色彩上也有不同。比如“瘦”可以用slender,slim,lean, thin,underweight,gaunt, lanky,skinny等来表达,而sleder表示“苗条”是褒义的,skinny却是贬义的,underweight则是中性的词。即使同是褒义词,表达的感情色彩也不同。比如little和petite两个同义词当用来描绘女子时,都意为“个子小”的,但petite同时还有“匀称”的意义,而little更强调“可爱的”或“可怜的”,根据不同的上下文,它还有纤小”、“娇小”或“弱小”等不同意义。因此在选词表达思想时,一定要分清主题,对象及情景。

叁、把握英语和汉语词对应的盲区

英语和汉语在一些语言的对应上有一些盲区,也就是两者并没有对应的语言来相互替换。比如family和home两词都可译成汉语的“家”,但它们却不是同义词。Family主要指家庭成员,与人有关,而home主要指所居住的地点、住宅。

托福写作:作文首段如何写

一般来说,开篇段落的写作可分为两大步骤:

第一步就是用简洁明了的句子对原题目的意思进行同义替换;

第二步是提出自己的观点。

这两大步骤细化起来可以概括为四句话:

第一句,采用同义替换的方式对原题目的意思进行更改,当然是“形变神不变”;

第二句,对题目的意思进行解释

第三句,提出自己的观点;

第四句,概括自己所提出观点的理由,引起下文。

下面我具体用一些客户常犯的毛病题目来解释这个“两大步,四个句子”的具体运用方法。

案例1:误解原意思

Do you agree or disagree: Because people are busy with doing so many things, they can do few things well?

Original:

Some people may hold the view that they are able to do things well even if they are busy with doing so many things simultaneously or during a given period. Although plausible at the first glance, I disagree with the statement. Depending on my own personal experience and personality, I firmly maintain that people can do few things well when they are busy with doing so many things. My arguments of this opinion are listed as follows.

解析:

文章第一句话不是对原题目意思进行解释,而是采用采取了和原意思相反的做法来进行题目诠释;第二句表明自己对误解题目的观点;第三句话对自己的观点进行近一步的解释;第四句一个过渡性的句子。开篇内容安排倒是很好,但是作者犯了误解原题目意思的错误导致后面整个文字都做了无用功。

改后:

When people are engaged in a large extent of work simultaneously, they will not be able to perform all of them perfectly. Just imagine how terrible it will be: too many jobs need to be done by the same person in a given time. Once such a picture appears in my mind, I feel dizzy. To me, it is impossible to do everything well with the limited energy and many others factors .Therefore , I agree with the statement too many things to be done at the same time cause few to be well done . The reasons are as follow.

Revised:

第一句话对原题目意思进行了很好的诠释;第二、三句话进一步解释原题目;第四句话提出自己的观点;第五句话过渡性句子引起下文。

案例2 :语言罗嗦,绕弯子给出自己观点,浪费时间

Some young adults want independence from their parents as soon as possible. Other young adults prefer to live with their families for a longer time. Which of these situations do you think is better? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

original:

With the development of science and technology, people’s living standard has been improving day by day. According to the family plan, one couple could have only one child. So child becomes the center of the whole family. Some of them are even spoiled. Therefore, I think it is better if the young adult could live independent from their parents as soon as possible.

解析:

这个开头看似没有任何问题,但是仔细分析就会发现很多问题。首先,作者绕了个大弯才给出自己的观点。其次,观点是对原题目的抄写,改动的比较少。最后,开篇缺少引起下文的过渡句。更大的错误是这个开头更像是一个全文主要观点的一个分论点。

Revised:

As we all know, some young adults have the sense of independence in a special period so that they want to choose to live apart from their family, while others still choose to stay with parents in the family. Family can provide young adults a warm bay where he or she could turn to whenever any problems arise. However, considering the sound development of the young adult both mentally and physically, I think to live independently the earlier, the better. Independence is a lesson that each of us must face one day. The detailed reasons are listed below.

解析:

第一句话诠释原题目意思;第二句话进一步解释第一句话;第三句话提出自己的观点;第四句话解释自己的观点,引出下文。


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