托福写作打分机制解读

托福写作打分机制解读 ,如何同时获得人工和电脑评分的认可?今天小编给大家带来了托福写作打分机制解读 ,希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福写作打分机制解读 如何同时获得人工和电脑评分的认可?

托福写作评分机制常识科普

首先小编来为大家科普一下托福写作部分的评分机制。根据托福考试主办机构ETS在其官方上公布的信息来看，托福写作部分的评分是比较复杂的，官网上有这么一条解释：

The TOEFL iBT® test uses the e-rater® automated scoring engine in a limited and responsible way for the Writing Section. Each response is rated by one human rater plus it also receives one automated rating. This approach combines the judgment of humans for content and meaning and the consistency of automated scoring for linguistic features. Using this combination ensures consistent, high quality scores.

从上面这条官方说明中可以看出，托福写作部分的评分其实是由两部分结果综合而成的。考生写完的每篇作文都会受到双重评分的考验。一部分是来自托福考试的人工审核评分，另一部分则是来自于托福考试的自动评分工具e-rater的评分。

而这两个部分的评分本身在侧重点上也有一定差异。人工评分更关注的是大家的托福写作内容层面上的质量，也就是论点展开论述逻辑这一部分的写作水平。电脑自动评分则是从作文中词汇语法等较为直观的语言技术层面来进行打分，e-rater关注哪些地方小编也从ETS官网找到了对应信息：

-errors in grammar (e.g., subject-verb agreement)

语法错误，比如主谓一致等;

-usage (e.g., preposition selection)

基本运用，比如介词的搭配选择等;

-mechanics (e.g., capitalization)

基本规则，比如大小写等;

-style (e.g., repetitious word use)

写作风格，比如用词重复等;

-discourse structure (e.g., presence of a thesis statement, main points)

论述结构，比如主旨主题的展开等;

-vocabulary usage (e.g., relative sophistication of vocabulary)

词汇运用，比如用同近义词展现词汇量等;

-sentence variety

句式多样性;

-discourse coherence quality

论述一致性。

总结一下，就是e-rater作为一项自动评分工具，并没有办法从内容上判断大家文章写得好不好，但却可以从作文的语言运用层面进行严格的审核，大家写出的文章存在的各种语言细节失误都会被e-rater发现并且打分。

另外，ETS官方也给出说明，如果人工打分和e-rater评分的结果出现较大的差距(原始评分0-5分里相差超过1分)，那么这篇文章将交给ETS的专业评分者再次评分。

托福写作如何同时获得双高分结果?

说了半天原理，接下来来点实用的干货。从上面的评分机制分析来看，考生想要拿到高分，其实就需要同时让人工打分者和e-rater都给出高评价。这一点要如何做到呢?

1. 获得真人高评价靠内容质量

既然真人评分者更看重文章本身的语言有效性和内容合理性，那么我们想要获得高分评价，写文章的时候就必须要考虑到真人评分者的阅读体验。

文章想让人看得舒服顺畅，首先要结构分明段落清晰，特别是独立写作，无论是开头段的表明立场观点还是各个论述段的分论点，都要在段首就明确直白的写清楚。考虑到真人评分者多为欧美人士，这样的写作方式也比较符合他们的写作和阅读习惯，对上脑电波很重要。

其次，大家在语言方面也需要有所注意，用词方面避免明显的重复情况(比如连续用同一个词汇)，合理运用同近义词来替代，同时也不能为了刻意展现词汇量而硬塞画风明显不对的复杂难词长词。

语法当然也不能有明显错误，至少不能出现那种会让人一眼就看出来很低级很违反常识的语法问题，比如各种一致性问题扥等。

句式方面也是一样，以简单句为主没有问题，但要适当插入一部分具有变化性的句式，比如各类从句强调句倒装句等等。当然长难句的使用还是要谨慎行事，没把握不要用，也不要写出那种读起来就会让人觉得绕口一下子理解不了很做作的复杂句，托福考长难句不代表你也要写长难句，看起来吃力的句子评分官也不会喜欢。

做到上面这几点，小编相信大家的文章应该会给真人评分者带来不错的阅读体验，想要拿到高评价也就不会太困难了。

2. 打动e-rater要杜绝写作细节错误

比起真人评分者，想要打动死板的e-rater电脑评分工具似乎更为困难。小编认为大家想要从机器手里拿到高分，了解其评分原理机制是很有必要的。

上文中已经给出了e-rater评分时关注的重点，虽然看上去比较多且复杂，但其实还是以写作基础常识和细节相关的要求为主，比如拼写错误大小写这种问题，大家只要写作的时候多上心，写完仔细检查相信都能发现并改正。

当然想要获得高分评价，只是满足上面提到的各类细节要求可能还不够。小编最近看到有江湖传言说托福的e-rater评分程序会偏向于给中国考生打高分，所以专门花时间去了解了一下这个传言的来源，发现是国外某家媒体结合ETS发布的官方数据和对托福考试研究者的采访得出的结论。

这篇报道中有一条比较有意思的结果，那就是e-rater之所以给中国考生打分高，是因为中国考生在文章长度和用词的多样程度上有比较高的水准，因此自动评分机制就有了一定的倾向性。

假如这个结论成立，那么想要讨好e-rater的思路就很简单了，一方面在词汇运用上大家要注意多展现词汇量的多样性，各种常用词汇的同近义词都准备积累起来确保随时待命;另一方面保证文章的篇幅，至少不能太短要达到平均以上的水准。这两点都做到，大家的托福作文在e-rater眼里大概也就更有高分相了。

总而言之，通过上文对托福写作评分机制的解读，可以发现想要拿到托福作文高分，考生需要注意的细节还是很多的。而小编也希望大家能够结合文中所述，针对自身写作中的各个薄弱环节来进行改正和加强，最终写出托福人工打分和e-rater都会点赞的高分好文章。

托福写作：Experience is the best teacher

It has been said, “Not every thing that is learned is contained in books.” Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why?

范文

“Experience is the best teacher” is an old clich, but I agree with it. The most important, and sometimes the hardest, lessons we learn in life come from our participation in situations. You can' learn everything from a book.

Of course, learning from books in a formal educational setting is also valuable. It's in schools that we learn the information we need to function in our society. We learn how to speak and write and understand mathematical equations. This is all information that we need to live in our communities and earn a living.

Nevertheless, I think that the most important lessons can't be taught; they have to be experienced. No one can teach us how to get along with others or how to have self-respect. As we grow from children into teenagers, no one can teach us how to deal with peer pressure. As we leave adolescence behind and enter adult life, no one can teach us how to fall in love and get married.

This shouldn't stop us from looking for guidelines along the way. Teachers and parents are valuable sources of advice when we're young. As we enter into new stages in our lives, the advice we receive from them is very helpful because they have already bad similar experiences. But experiencing our own triumphs and disasters is really the only way to learn how to deal with life.

托福写作：观点类型的模板内容积累

…A, B, C, D… Which do you choose?

(1) It appears, in so many aspects, very difficult to prefer one to another because all of them have their advantages and disadvantages to the extent that it is hard to distinguish.

Yet that does not mean they are of the same to me. To be frank, I would prefer A if personal quality is considered as a criterion to choose things.

Then why do I prefer A? I like it because it can _______________, thus makes me ______________.

There is another reason why I choose A, in terms of ________, __________. No wonder, it again brings me convenience that I cannot get if I choose any one of the others.

That last reason is that_____________________.

In conclusion, everybody wants to choose the one that fits him/her. So it is of great benefits for me to choose.

(2) How to do X.X.X/Whether the traditional methods such as A, B and so on or the modern method for example C and D has its advantages and disadvantages. Which you would prefer depends on your own experience, life style and emotional concern. However, I would prefer C. There are three advantages of C as follow:

This can trace back to my childhood. Once with curiosity, I__________________.

Yet another reason is that_________. I can quote a common example. _______________.

Then why I do not like others? For example, why I do not like A? Because I have a bad experience with it. _______________. So, even when anyone mentioned it, I would catch a feeling of fear.

There are still many other reasons that can account for my fondness for it, but the obvious ones have been presented as above.

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