托福阅读把握布局和提示词

由 范文百科 分享时间：2023-08-27 13:54:38 加入收藏我要投稿点赞

在托福阅读做题过程中，我们需要首先了解文章基本框架，对文章大意做到心中有数，然后要特别留意一些表明逻辑关系、引出重要信息的提示词。下面小编就和大家分享托福阅读高分技巧：把握布局和提示词，来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读高分技巧：把握布局和提示词

1、阅读看布局

首先要粗看下文章的段数，了解以下文章框架，读文章的首句和尾句了解整体意思，看是否有转折句，如果有转折句可能文章意思不止一层。

粗看每段第一句话，对文章的整体意思心中有数。也要读每段的首句、末句和转折句。

阅读的文章其实逻辑方面出不了花儿，都是观点、论据的大体结构，在阅读中每读一段整理一次逻辑，不要被细节迷惑，要以段落的内在逻辑为重点。

此外最好将每段段首变成中文理解，以迅速的进入状态，并记忆主要意思。

此外在阅读后做题中，注意不要延伸思考，阅读题是看你有没有读懂文章，所以文章说了什么，你回答什么，不要有自己想当然的延伸。

2、提示词

(1)前后讲一回事儿的

and, moreover, furthermore, what’s more, in addition, that, then, also, and also, else, likewise...

当大家看到这些提示词的时候，需要意识到句子前后的关系是并列、相近、或更进一步的，此时阅读速度无需减慢。

(2)表示因果关系的

because, for, for this reason, so, as,since, by virtue of, due to, owing to, therefore, consequently, as a consequence, thus, hence...

(3)后面讲的跟前面不一样的

although, even though, however, but, on the contrary, in spite of, despite, otherwise, nevertheless, yet...

这些提示词就是明摆着的转折。在阅读时，要格外注意，一旦出现这些词，作者很可能就要变心了，可以放慢阅读速度来领会作者真正要说的是什么。

(4)总结归纳词汇

as a result, finally, in short, in conclusion, in a nutshell, in brief, in a word, to summarize, on the whole...

这些词的不仅仅是引出总结/归纳的内容的标志，也是提示核心信息的关键。

阅读理解力是可以训练和培养的，多读原文书籍培养语感还是十分的重要的。这就跟故宫博物院负责擦瓷器的擦了好几年出来能鉴定一样，他知道正经的都是什么样，看着别扭的肯定是错的。所以“书读百遍其义自见”。当然了，考场上没那工夫，所以在复习阶段和平时的课外阅读时增添一些原文内容的阅读，提升托福阅读速度和你的理解力，做题的时候自然而然的就选出了正确答案。

托福阅读备考：天文学习

Paragraph 2: Outflow channels are probably relics of catastrophic flooding on Mars long ago. They appear only in equatorial regions and generally do not form extensive interconnected networks. Instead, they are probably the paths taken by huge volumes of water draining from the southern highlands into the northern plains. The onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped “islands” (resembling the miniature versions seen in the wet sand of our beaches at low tide) that have been found on the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels. Judging from the width and depth of the channels, the flow rates must have been truly enormous-perhaps as much as a hundred times greater than the 105 tons per second carried by the great Amazon river. Flooding shaped the outflow channels approximately 3 billion years ago, about the same times as the northern volcanic plains formed.

Question: According to paragraph 2, all of the following are true of the outflow channels on Mars EXCEPT:

A. They formed at around the same time that volcanic activity was occurring on the northern plains.

B. They are found only on certain parts of the Martian surface.

C. They sometimes empty onto what appear to have once been the wet sands of tidal beaches.

D. They are thought to have carried water northward from the equatorial regions.

解析：题干问的是原文关于“outflow channels”的描述。在真正考试中，把原文阅读完毕再去和选项比较会花费较多时间。因此，比较合理的做题顺序是，先读选项，然后拿选项和原文信息去比对。

A选项说的是outflow channel的形成时间和火山活动在北部平原的发生时间是相同的。快速浏览原文，只有在后一句提到了它们的形成时间，说大概在30亿年前，about引导的时间状语很重要，补充说明了这一时间和北部火山平原形成的时间相同。A正确。

B选项说的是火山形成的地点，只在火星表面的特定区域。看原文，第二句，说的是它们只在赤道区域出现。B也正确。

C选项说的是它们有时候会流到曾经的湿沙地上。原文在提到tidal beaches时，并没有提到这一信息，因此，C选项是不符合原文的。

D选项说的是河水从赤道(南)向北流动。和原文第三句话吻合：这些河流的走向是从南部高低到北部平原。

因此，本题的正确答案为C项。

第二道题目来自于 TPO 16 Planets in Our Solar System

Paragraph 4: Other dimensions along which the two groups differ markedly are density and composition. The densities of the terrestrial planets average about 5 times the density of water, whereas the Jovian planets have densities that average only 1.5 times the density of water. One of the outer planets, Saturn, has a density of only 0.7 that of water, which means that Saturn would float in water. Variations in the composition of the planets are largely responsible for the density differences. The substances that make up both group of planets are divided into three groups-gases, rocks, and ices-based on their melting points. The terrestrial planets are mostly rocks: dense rocky and metallic material, with minor amounts of gases. The Jovian planets, on the other hand, contain a large percentage of the gases hydrogen and helium, with varying amounts of ices: mostly water, ammonia, and methane ices.

Question: Paragraph 4 mentions which of the following as a reason why terrestrial planets are dense?

A. They are made up of three groups of substances.

B. They are composed mainly of rocky and metallic materials.

C. They contain more ice than Jovian planets.

D. They contain relatively small amounts of water.

解析：题干问的是类地行星密度较大的原因。那我们只需将做题重点锁定在原文描述“density”的信息上即可。原文中含有density的句子，句在说类地行星的密度和其他行星的密度比。第二句说的是土星密度。第三句说到行星结构的不同影响着密度的不同。后面进一步阐释组成行星的物质：气体，岩石以及冰。接着又提到类地行星主要由岩石组成。显然，这就是它密度大的原因。综合比较，应该选B。

托福阅读：句子简化

托福阅读句子简化题解题步骤：

1、找原句逻辑：

找逻辑连接词词，常见逻辑连接词：

转折：but, however, yet, nevertheless

让步：although，though，even though， despite，in spite of

比较对比：more/less than, as…as , while, whereas, unlike

条件：if, only if, except, unless, provide that, as long as

因果： because (of) ,since, as, why, for, therefore, hence, thus, consequently, lead to, as a result (of),result in, result from, reason, A contribute to B, attribute/ascribe A to B, explain, come from, so A that B,A be responsible for B

2、找原句主干：

谁做什么，谁是什么 (一般删掉修饰语:定语从句，介词短语结构，时间地点状语)。

注意：若两个句子有对比关系，因为两个分句中被比较的事物本质可能都差不多，所以表修饰的定语从句才是关键，这时候定语时关键。

3、对比选项选答案：

排除有明显与主要信息矛盾的选项了，排除无中生有的逻辑。

除了以上提到的托福阅读句子简化题答题技巧外，解答托福阅读句子简化题一定要掌握好语法，希望大家在接下来的备考环节能够熟练应用以上技巧。

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