边听边记是托福听力的高分技能之一,今天小编给大家带来了托福听力快速笔记的核心技巧,希望能够帮助到大家,下面小编就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。
托福听力快速笔记的核心技巧
相信大多数同学都有这样的体会:当我们在听文章的过程中,听到一个不太懂的单词或句子时,会把思维停留在这个词或句子上,同时漏听了接下来的信息,等回过神儿来才发现已经不知道文章说到哪儿去了。
其实在托福听力考试中,当出现重要的信息或者生僻的单词的时候,讲话者绝大部分情况下都会加以解释,甚至是反复解释这个信息或单词。所以我们需要做的就是听到生词的时候忍住回想的冲动,硬着头皮往下听,听懂生词后面的解释之后,在笔记中记下主要的信息。
而且,我们需要注意的是,托福听力中反复出现、解释的信息一定是重要信息,极有可能是考点,因此也是需要我们重点记笔记的地方。
下面给大家举一个例子。来看看你能分辨出下面的段落说了几个重要信息吗?
Ok, a lot of people think of earth's orbit around the sun as being perfectly circular, as smooth and as regular as, say, the way that hands move on a well-made watch, but it just doesn't work that way. You are probably aware that the earth's orbit around the sun, it is not shaped like a perfect circle. It is more of an oval, it is elliptical. But the shape of this orbit isn't consistent; it varies over time, over a period of about a thousand years. Sometimes it is a little more circular, sometimes it is more elliptical. And when earth's orbit is more elliptical, earth is actually closer to the sun during part of the year. Which makes earth, and in particular, the northern hemisphere, warmer. And why is that important? Well, because most of the planet's glaciers are in the northern hemisphere, and if it gets too warm, then glaciers will stop forming. And we've already talked about how that affects earth's over all temperature.
其实别看这个段落这么长,其实它只传达了三个重要信息,也就是说归纳起来只有三个重点,其余的部分都是对重点的解释。
第一个信息:地球绕太阳的轨道是椭圆形的。原文用了5句话来反复解释这个信息,而且虽然出现了相对生僻的单词oval,但出题者怕考生听不懂又用了一个比较常见的elliptical来解释。如下:
Ok, a lot of people think of earth's orbit around the sun as being perfectly circular, as smooth and as regular as, say, the way that hands move on a well-made watch, but it just doesn't work that way. You are probably aware that the earth's orbit around the sun, it is not shaped like a perfect circle. It is more of an oval, it is elliptical.
第二个信息:这个轨道形状会变。这里又用了5句话来反复解释,其中出现了一个稍微有些难度的单词consistent,而且防止有些考生不认识这个词出题者又苦口婆心的给你解释了这个现象。有时候这个轨道形状圆点儿,有时候更椭圆点儿,更椭圆点儿的时候,地球更接近太阳。这里说的就是我们中学地理知识中的近日点这个概念。
But the shape of this orbit isn't consistent; it varies overtime, over a period of about a thousand years. Sometimes it is a little more circular, sometimes it is more elliptical. And when earth's orbit is more elliptical, earth is actually closer to the sun during part of the year.
第三个信息:形状的变化会影响地球上冰川的形成。说话者再一次用了5句话来解释这个信息,并且怕你不知道这里要出考点,还用了反问句提醒你。
Which makes earth, and in particular, the northern hemisphere, warmer. And why is that important? Well, because most of the planet's glaciers are in the northern hemisphere, and if it gets too warm, then glaciers will stop forming. And we've already talked about how that affects earth's overall temperature.
所以,虽然你听到了这么多词汇和句子,但其实你的笔记上需要记的只是这三个主要信息。由此可知,ETS是一个很人性化的机构。当你遇到听不懂的信息的时候,你要勇敢坚决地继续往下听,你的思维要同时跟着说话人走,绝不能出现自己的思维断层。
以上就是小编为大家介绍的托福听力速记的核心技巧,希望各位同学能够结合练习实际掌握,并在之后的考试中合理运用出来,以确保自己在八月的托福听力考试能够得到更加理想的成绩。
托福语法技巧:动词原形后加ed变成动词的过去式
A规则动词的过去式是在动词原形后加 ed构成的:
动词原形:work
过去式:worked
以e结尾的动词只加d:
动词原形:love
过去式: loved
对所有人称,均无词形变化:
I worked you worked he worked等
规则和不规则动词的否定式均由 did not/didn’ t+动词原形构成:
I did not/didn’t work you did not/didn’t work等
疑问式则均由 did+主语+动词原形构成:
did I work? did you work?等
否定疑问式:
did you not/didn’t you work?等
B拼写注意事项
加ing时最后一个辅音字母双写的规则(参见第165节)也适用于加ed的场合:
admit,admitted
stop, stopped
travel,travelled
以y结尾的动词,y前为辅音字母时,在加ed之前要把y变为i:
carry, carried
try, tried
但y前面是元音字母时则不变:
obey, obeyed
托福语法技巧:用来叙述过去发生的事件
A表示在过去某一特定时间结束的动作,因此可用于:1指明发生在过去的动作:
I met him yesterday.
我昨天遇见了他。
Pasteur died in 1895.
巴斯彻于1895年去世。
2询问过去的特定时间:
When did you meet him?
你是什么时候见到他的?
3动作显然在过去某特定时刻发生时,虽然并末明确提及该时刻:
The train was ten minutes late.
火车晚点了十分钟。
How did you get your present job?
你是怎么得到现在这份工作的?
I bought this car in Montreal.
我在蒙特利尔买的这辆车。
4有时由于用现在完成时作了问答而使时间随之变得明确时:
—Where have you been?
—I’ve been to the opera.
—Did you enjoy it?
—你去哪儿了?
—我看歌剧去了。
—你喜欢这歌剧吗?
B一般过去时用来表示一个并未指明发生在过去何时的动作,但是,(a)该动作占用了现已结束的某一段时间;或(b)该动作发生在现已结束的某一段时间之内的某一时刻。可以用图解表示如下,TS表示现在说话时的时间。
类型(a)的例句:
He worked in that bank for four years.
他在那家银行工作了四年之久。(但现在已不在那儿工作。)
She lived in Rome for a long time.
她在罗马住过很长时间。(但现在并不住在那里了。)
类型(b)的例句:
My grandmother once saw Queen Victoria.
我的祖母见过一次维多利亚女王。
Did you ever hear Maria Callas sing?
你听过玛丽娅·卡拉斯唱歌吗?
上述情况与现在完成时的用法相比时就更易理解。
C一般过去时还用来表示过去的习惯:
He always carried an umbrella.
他总是带着一把雨伞。
They never drank wine.
他们从来不喝葡萄酒。
D一般过去时用于条件句类型2。
托福语法技巧:过去式主要用法
A过去进行时主要用来表示在过去延续了一段时间的动作,但动作延续的界限不清楚,也无关紧要。可以用图解表示。
……表示这一动作的开始或结束是不明确的:
B不与时间状语连用时,可以表示逐渐的发展:
It was getting darker.
天越来越黑了。
The wind was rising.
起风了。
C与表示某一时刻的词语连用,表示动作在那一时刻之前开始,并可能继续下去。 At eight he was having breakfast意指 8点时他正在吃早饭,即他在8点前就已开始吃早饭了。 He had breakfast at eight意指他是在8点开始吃早饭的。
D时间状语可以用动词过去式代替。这时就可以用图解表示为:
When I arrived
我到达时
Tom was talking on the phone.
汤姆正在打电话。
在这个句子中,我们表达了这样一个概念:过去进行时表示的动作在一般过去时表示的动作发生之前就已开始,并可能延续下去。上面的图解可能有助于说明这一关系。一般过去时表示的动作由X表示。把这一组合与两个一般过去时态的组合进行对比,就可以看出差别;后者一般表示两个一前一后的动作:
When he saw me he put the receiver down.
他一看到我就把电话听筒放下了。
E在描述性的段落中常使用进行时态。注意以下描述(过去进行时)与叙述(一般过去时)的组合:
A wood fire was burning on the hearth,and a cat was sleeping in front of it.A girl was playing the piano and(was)singing softly to herself.Sud- denly there was a knock on the door.The girl stopped playing.The cat woke up.
木柴在壁炉中燃烧着,一只猫在炉前睡觉。女孩弹着钢琴并径自柔声地唱着。突然传来一阵敲门声。女孩停下来。猫惊醒了。
托福语法技巧:过去式其他用法
表示过去相当于现在进行时的动作:
A直接引语:
He said,‘I am living in London.’
他说:“我现在住在伦敦。”
间接引语:
He said he was living in London.
他说他那时住在伦敦。
B现在进行时可以用来表示对将来确定的安排:
I’m leaving toninght.I’ve got my plane ticket.
我今天晚上就要动身了,已经买好了机票。
同样,过去进行时也可以表示过去对将来的安排:
He was busy packing,for he was leaving that night.
他那时正忙着打点行李,因为那天晚上他就要走了。(在那之前某时已做出走的决定。)
C过去进行时与always连用:
He was always ringing me up.
他老是给我打电话。
He was always working.
他总是在工作。
托福听力快速笔记的核心技巧
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